Understanding the pathophysiology of diseases is essential for critical thinking and accurate diagnosis. This comprehensive case report collection offers insights into how to arrive at the correct diagnosis by exploring a variety of respiratory-related clinical cases. Covering the full spectrum of pediatric pulmonology—from the upper and lower airways to the pulmonary complications of systemic diseases—this resource provides valuable guidance on topics such as the diverse causes of hypoxemia, differential diagnoses for cough, and strategies for evaluating respiratory distress amidst a range of potential causes, congenital abnormalities, and the lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic. Ideal for learners aiming to strengthen their diagnostic reasoning, this compilation connects clinical presentation with underlying mechanisms to improve understanding and patient care. Available for purchase at https://www.aap.org/Pulmonology-Cases-Case-Reports-from-Pediatrics-in-Review-Paperback