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Advances in neonatal and pediatric intensive care have contributed to increased survival of infants whose birth is complicated by preterm birth, low birth weight, congenital disorders and birth defects, and maternal conditions affecting the newborn. Approximately 14% of all neonates require specialized newborn care in a special or intensive care nursery. Fifty-one percent of infants requiring specialized neonatal care are born at term (39 0/7 –40 6/7 weeks of gestation), late term (41 0/7–41 6/7 weeks of gestation), or postterm (42 0/7 weeks of gestation and beyond).1 The infant mortality rate has steadily declined over the past several decades....

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