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10: Carditis: Endocarditis, Myocarditis, and Pericarditis
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Published:May 2023
Lindsey C. Douglas, MD, MS, Joanne M. Nazif, MD, FAAP, Alyssa H. Silver, MD, FAAP, "Carditis: Endocarditis, Myocarditis, and Pericarditis", Caring for the Hospitalized Child: A Handbook of Inpatient Pediatrics, American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Hospital Medicine, Jeffrey C. Gershel, MD, FAAP, Daniel A. Rauch, MD, FAAP, SFHM
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Infective endocarditis (IE) is an infection of the endothelium of the heart, most often caused by Staphylococcus aureus (especially for acute IE), Streptococcus viridans, coagulase-negative staphylococci, pneumococcus, “HACEK” organisms (Haemophilus species, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, and Kingella kingae), enterococcus, and Candida spp (especially in a newborn). The incidence rate is increasing as a result of the survival of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) and the more frequent use of indwelling central venous catheters (CVCs), especially in premature infants. Although IE is rare in children, there is significant morbidity and mortality associated...
