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Jonathan Lewis, MD, FAAP, Binita Patel, MD, FAAP, "Shock", Caring for the Hospitalized Child: A Handbook of Inpatient Pediatrics, American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Hospital Medicine, Jeffrey C. Gershel, MD, FAAP, Daniel A. Rauch, MD, FAAP, SFHM
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Shock is a state of systemic hypoperfusion. It represents a final common pathway for several derangements in volume status, vascular tone, venous return to the heart, and cardiac pump physiology. Septic shock, which is the most common type in children, often has a progression through signs and symptoms of compensation until hypotension and ultimately cardiovascular collapse ensue (decompensated shock). Other types of shock are classified by etiology (anaphylactic, neurogenic, cardiogenic) or physiology (distributive, low cardiac output, obstructive, hypovolemic), with considerable overlap in clinical presentation. The key to successful shock treatment is early recognition of shock in its compensated...
