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Jeremy Baker, DO, FAAP, Stephanie Jennings, MD, "Mastoiditis", Caring for the Hospitalized Child: A Handbook of Inpatient Pediatrics, American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Hospital Medicine, Jeffrey C. Gershel, MD, FAAP, Daniel A. Rauch, MD, FAAP, SFHM
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Mastoiditis is a bacterial infection of the mastoid bone and air cells. It is the most common suppurative complication of acute otitis media (AOM), resulting in bone inflammation and destruction.
Acute mastoiditis can be categorized into acute mastoiditis with periostitis (purulent material in mastoid cavities) or coalescent mastoiditis (destruction of bony septa between mastoid air cells; may be followed by abscess formation). As infection progresses, the mastoid walls may be destroyed, causing spread to contiguous structures. This leads to complications such as subperiosteal abscess, Bezold abscess, intracranial abscess, facial nerve palsy, and/or venous sinus thrombosis.
The primary pathogen is Streptococcus...
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