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The etiology of a pediatric neck mass can be congenital or acquired (inflammatory and neoplastic processes). Most involve lymph nodes and are benign and inflammatory (reactive cervical lymphadenopathy or lymphadenitis). The most common congenital neck masses are branchial cleft anomalies (BCAs) and thyroglossal duct cysts (TDCs). Malignant processes are rare but must always be considered in the differential diagnosis.

Cervical lymphadenopathy is a common and generally benign finding among many preschool- and school-aged children. Most often, it is a reactive adenopathy secondary to a viral or bacterial illness. Adenitis is an infection of the node itself, most commonly Staphylococcus aureus...

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