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37: Gallbladder Disease
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Published:May 2023
Katherine M. O’Connor, MD, FAAP, "Gallbladder Disease", Caring for the Hospitalized Child: A Handbook of Inpatient Pediatrics, American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Hospital Medicine, Jeffrey C. Gershel, MD, FAAP, Daniel A. Rauch, MD, FAAP, SFHM
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Gallbladder disease includes cholelithiasis (gallstones), choledocholithiasis (stones in the common bile duct), calculous or acalculous cholecystitis (inflamed gallbladder with or without stones), biliary dyskinesia, and hydrops of the gallbladder (acute distention without inflammation). The incidence of gallstones is rising because of increasing rates of obesity and the more frequent diagnosis of asymptomatic gallstones via ultrasonography (US). Patients with certain risk factors have a higher incidence of gallbladder disease, with a prevalence of 40% among adolescents with sickle cell disease. In up to 80% of patients, gallstones are asymptomatic, although pancreatitis can occur in 5% to 10% of patients.
Historically, up...
