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Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is rare in children, with about 60 cases per 10,000 hospital admissions. A patient with DVT may have one or more of Virchow’s triad (ie, blood flow stasis, endothelial lining injury, hypercoagulability). Prompt diagnosis is critical because an undiagnosed and untreated DVT can lead to a fatal pulmonary embolism (PE) or cause serious long-term morbidity. The most important risk factors for a DVT are a central venous line, altered mobility (for > 48 hours), local (osteomyelitis, skin and soft-tissue infections) or systemic infection, and a family history of DVT. More than 90% of pediatric DVT have...

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