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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, multisystem, autoimmune disease characterized by episodic periods of increased systemic inflammation known as “flares.” Up to 20% of SLE cases are diagnosed before 18 years of age (ie, childhood SLE [cSLE]). The mean age of onset of cSLE is 11 to 12 years, with few cases in children under 5 years of age. There is a female predominance in childhood (3:1), which triples during puberty (9:1). Due to a higher prevalence of complications within the first 2 years of illness, cSLE has higher morbidity and mortality than adult-onset SLE (aSLE).

The most common...

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