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Sepsis historically has been defined as infection and the presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). However, the SIRS criteria have poor sensitivity and specificity for both adult and pediatric sepsis. In 2016, the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3), designed primarily for adult patients, defined the following:

“Organ dysfunction” in pediatric patients is still ambiguous, as the various pediatric scoring systems in use are primarily laboratory based and have not been used as predictive tools outside of a critical care environment. Thus, the definition of sepsis has undergone many transformations, and a formal pediatric definition...

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