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80: Demyelinating Disorders
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Published:May 2023
Judy Lee, MD, FAAP, Katherine Keith Mamola, MD, FAAP, "Demyelinating Disorders", Caring for the Hospitalized Child: A Handbook of Inpatient Pediatrics, American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Hospital Medicine, Jeffrey C. Gershel, MD, FAAP, Daniel A. Rauch, MD, FAAP, SFHM
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Demyelinating disorders are characterized by the disruption of the myelin sheath that surrounds the nerve axons of the central and peripheral nervous system. The resulting interruption of nerve transmission produces a wide range of neurologic symptoms, depending on the specific location affected. Common symptoms include weakness, paresthesias, ataxia, vision loss or visual disturbance, and bowel and bladder dysfunction.
Demyelinating disorders may arise from infectious, postinfectious, metabolic, and hereditary etiologies. Acquired demyelinating diseases typically develop acutely over days to weeks while hereditary disorders have a chronic onset.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common pediatric demyelinating disorder. Other inflammatory demyelinating conditions...
