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The 3 main causes of fractures are accidental trauma (most common), inflicted trauma (child abuse), and abnormal bone (pathologic fractures). The most common sites of fractures that necessitate inpatient treatment are the femur, tibia-fibula, elbow (supracondylar fracture), and pelvis.

Fractures are categorized as displaced or nondisplaced and open or closed. In a displaced fracture, the bone snaps into 2 or more parts, which may be angulated and not aligned. If the bone is in many pieces, it is called a comminuted fracture, and future misalignment is a concern. In a nondisplaced fracture, the bone either partially or completely breaks...

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