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The primary function of the respiratory system is to provide oxygen to arterial blood to nourish the body’s tissues and to remove carbon dioxide from the returning venous blood. Gas exchange takes place at the level of the alveoli surrounded by a network of thin capillaries. Oxygen and carbon dioxide move between the air and blood by a process of diffusion. Air is brought to the alveoli by branching bronchi and bronchioles. The muscles of respiration act as a pump to move air in and out of the lungs. Elastic properties of the lung and chest wall and airway resistance...

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