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Understanding exercise physiology in children is important because of the increasing participation of young children in competitive sports. The energy to power skeletal muscle depends on adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Combined with water, hydrolysis splits one of the phosphate groups, which results in the formation of adenosine diphosphate. To replenish the limited stores of ATP, phosphorylation adds a phosphate group to adenosine diphosphate. If phosphorylation occurs in the presence of oxygen, the reaction is aerobic metabolism; in the absence of oxygen, the reaction is anaerobic metabolism.

The ventilatory response to exercise results from increased demand for oxygen and excretion of carbon...

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