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Atelectasis refers to a loss of lung volume owing to collapse of part or all of the lung. Usually the magnitude of the collapsed alveolar spaces is severe enough to appear on a plain chest radiograph. Patients with conditions associated with increased and more viscid secretions, such as cystic fibrosis (CF), are more likely to develop atelectasis, which may result in transient hypoxemia due to ventilation/perfusion mismatching. Secondary infection of the atelectatic lung and bronchiectasis in the atelectatic portion of a chronically infected lung may occur.

Atelectasis is almost always a secondary phenomenon, occurring more frequently in young children because...

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