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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disorder in which breathing starts and stops repeatedly during sleep. Apneas, the cessation of breathing, can be classified as either obstructive or central, depending on where the breathing dysregulation originates. This chapter will briefly mention central sleep apnea but will primarily focus on OSA in children.

Obstructive respiratory sleep disorders represent a continuum, ranging from habitual, primary snoring (regular, non-pathologic) to OSA.1  Primary snoring, as distinguished from OSA, is defined as snoring without significant obstructive apneas, frequent arousals from sleep, or gas exchange abnormalities. In contrast, OSA is sleep characterized by recurrent episodes...

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