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Bronchodilators are used in a number of obstructive respiratory diseases of childhood for the relief of airway smooth muscle contraction (ie, bronchospasm). Although bronchodilators are approved by the US Food & Drug Administration (FDA) only for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), they are commonly prescribed for children with cystic fibrosis (CF), bronchiolitis, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), despite lack of consistent evidence of efficacy for these conditions.

Neonates are born with fully functional airway smooth muscle whose mass relative to airway size is fully developed by 25 weeks’ gestation.1  Neonatal bronchial tissue responds to both...

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