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Understanding the social determinants of health (SDOH) compels us to also recognize that these circumstances by which people live and grow are shaped by dynamic forces. These disruptions, such as chronic illness, climate change, migration patterns, pandemics, and economic crises, expose long-standing structural drivers of health inequity. Understanding these disruptions, which people they affect, and what inequity they expose helps health care professionals care for populations vulnerable to these types of disruptions already affected by SDOH in critical ways. This chapter describes the ways in which different disruptions are experienced by populations and how emergencies can dramatically shape people’s social, economic, and political futures. By using an adapted ecological systems theory framework to guide this discussion, we seek to explore ways by which individual-, neighborhood-, and population-level disruptions can influence SDOH of populations. We suggest that understanding and addressing SDOH with dynamism is essential in mitigating crises to populations that are caused by emergencies, both locally and globally.

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