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Infants, children, and adolescents need to consume a variety of vitamins in recommended amounts to ensure typical growth and development. Vitamins are present in human (breast) milk and a variety of nutrient-dense foods, such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. By definition, vitamins are carbon-containing, noncaloric micronutrients that are essential for typical functioning and that must be consumed in the diet. There are a few exceptions to the definition, including vitamin K and biotin, both of which can be produced by typical intestinal flora; vitamin D, which is technically a prohormone because it can be self-produced with sun exposure; niacin,...

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