Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine

Jennifer R. Marin, MD, MSc, FAAP, FACEP; Todd W. Lyons, MD, MPH, FAAP; Ilene Claudius, MD, FACEP; Mary E. Fallat, MD, FAAP, FACS; Michael Aquino, MD; Timothy Ruttan, MD, FACEP, FAAP; Reza J. Daugherty, MD, FAAP; AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Section on Radiology; Gregory P. Conners, MD, MPH, MBA, FAAP; Sylvia Owusu-Ansah, MD, MPH, FAAP; Kerry S. Caperell, MD, FAAP; Jennifer Hoffmann, MD, FAAP; Benson Hsu, MD, MBA, FAAP; Deborah Hsu, MD, MEd, FAAP; Jennifer E. McCain, MD, FAAP; Mohsen Saidinejad, MD, MS, MBA, FAAP; Muhammad Waseem, MBBS, FAAP; Sue Tellez; AMERICAN COLLEGE OF RADIOLOGY; Hansel J. Otero, MD, FAAP; Patricia Trinidad Acharya, MD, FAAP; Adina Lynn Alazraki, MD, FAAP; Ellen Benya, MD, FAAP; Brandon Patrick Brown, MD, MA, FAAP; Laura Laskosz, MPH; AMERICAN COLLEGE OF EMERGENCY PHYSICIANS Pediatric Emergency Medicine Committee; Christopher S. Amato, MD, FACEP; Alexandria Georgadarellis, MD; Ann Marie Dietrich, MD, FACEP; Annalise Sorrentino, MD, FACEP; Ashley Foster, MD, FACEP; Carmen D. Sulton, MD, FACEP; Cindy Chang, MD; Daniel Slubowski, MD; Dina Wallin, MD, FACEP; Donna Mendez, MD; Emily A. Rose, MD, FACEP; Erika Bishop Crawford, MD; Genevieve Santillanes, MD, FACEP; George Hsu, MD; Gwendolyn C. Hooley, MD; Isabel Araujo Barata, MD, FACEP; James L. Homme, MD, FACEP; Jeffrey Michael Goodloe, MD, FACEP; Jessica J. Wall, MD, MPH, MSCE, FACEP; Jonathan Harris Valente, MD, FACEP; Joshua Easter, MD; Joyce Li, MD; Kathleen Brown, MD, FACEP; Kathleen Theresa Berg, MD, FACEP; Kiyetta Hanan Alade, MD, MEd, RDMS; Lauren Rice, MD; Madeline Matar Joseph, MD, FACEP; Marc Auerbach, MD; Marianne Gausche-Hill, MD, FACEP; Melanie Heniff, MD, JD, MHA, FACEP; Michael J. Stoner, MD, FACEP; Michael Joseph Gerardi, MD, FACEP; Mohsen Saidinejad, MD, MBA, FACEP; Moon O. Lee, MD, FACEP; Muhammad Waseem, MD, MS, FACEP; Paul T. Ishimine, MD, FACEP; Samuel Hiu-Fung Lam, MD, MPH, FACEP; Sean M. Fox, MD, FAAP, FACEP; Shyam Mohan Sivasankar, MD, FACEP; Simone L. Lawson, MD, Med, FAAP, FACEP, FACEP; Siraj Amanullah, MD, MPH; Sophia D. Lin, MD; Stephen M. Sandelich, MD; Tabitha Autumn Cheng, MD; Theresa Ann Walls, MD, MPH; Zachary Burroughs, MD; Sam Shahid, MBBS, MPH

Jennifer R. Marin, MD, MSc, FAAP, FACEP; Todd W. Lyons, MD, MPH, FAAP; Ilene Claudius, MD, FACEP; Mary E. Fallat, MD, FAAP, FACS; Michael Aquino, MD; Timothy Ruttan, MD, FACEP, FAAP; Reza J. Daugherty, MD, FAAP; AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Section on Radiology; Gregory P. Conners, MD, MPH, MBA, FAAP; Sylvia Owusu-Ansah, MD, MPH, FAAP; Kerry S. Caperell, MD, FAAP; Jennifer Hoffmann, MD, FAAP; Benson Hsu, MD, MBA, FAAP; Deborah Hsu, MD, MEd, FAAP; Jennifer E. McCain, MD, FAAP; Mohsen Saidinejad, MD, MS, MBA, FAAP; Muhammad Waseem, MBBS, FAAP; Sue Tellez; AMERICAN COLLEGE OF RADIOLOGY; Hansel J. Otero, MD, FAAP; Patricia Trinidad Acharya, MD, FAAP; Adina Lynn Alazraki, MD, FAAP; Ellen Benya, MD, FAAP; Brandon Patrick Brown, MD, MA, FAAP; Laura Laskosz, MPH; AMERICAN COLLEGE OF EMERGENCY PHYSICIANS Pediatric Emergency Medicine Committee; Christopher S. Amato, MD, FACEP; Alexandria Georgadarellis, MD; Ann Marie Dietrich, MD, FACEP; Annalise Sorrentino, MD, FACEP; Ashley Foster, MD, FACEP; Carmen D. Sulton, MD, FACEP; Cindy Chang, MD; Daniel Slubowski, MD; Dina Wallin, MD, FACEP; Donna Mendez, MD; Emily A. Rose, MD, FACEP; Erika Bishop Crawford, MD; Genevieve Santillanes, MD, FACEP; George Hsu, MD; Gwendolyn C. Hooley, MD; Isabel Araujo Barata, MD, FACEP; James L. Homme, MD, FACEP; Jeffrey Michael Goodloe, MD, FACEP; Jessica J. Wall, MD, MPH, MSCE, FACEP; Jonathan Harris Valente, MD, FACEP; Joshua Easter, MD; Joyce Li, MD; Kathleen Brown, MD, FACEP; Kathleen Theresa Berg, MD, FACEP; Kiyetta Hanan Alade, MD, MEd, RDMS; Lauren Rice, MD; Madeline Matar Joseph, MD, FACEP; Marc Auerbach, MD; Marianne Gausche-Hill, MD, FACEP; Melanie Heniff, MD, JD, MHA, FACEP; Michael J. Stoner, MD, FACEP; Michael Joseph Gerardi, MD, FACEP; Mohsen Saidinejad, MD, MBA, FACEP; Moon O. Lee, MD, FACEP; Muhammad Waseem, MD, MS, FACEP; Paul T. Ishimine, MD, FACEP; Samuel Hiu-Fung Lam, MD, MPH, FACEP; Sean M. Fox, MD, FAAP, FACEP; Shyam Mohan Sivasankar, MD, FACEP; Simone L. Lawson, MD, Med, FAAP, FACEP, FACEP; Siraj Amanullah, MD, MPH; Sophia D. Lin, MD; Stephen M. Sandelich, MD; Tabitha Autumn Cheng, MD; Theresa Ann Walls, MD, MPH; Zachary Burroughs, MD; Sam Shahid, MBBS, MPH

Mohsen Saidinejad, MD, MS, MBA, FAAP, FACEP; Susan Duffy, MD, MPH, FAAP; Dina Wallin, MD; Jennifer A. Hoffmann, MD, FAAP; Madeline M. Joseph, MD, FAAP, FACEP; Jennifer Schieferle Uhlenbrock, DNP, MBA, RN, TCRN; Kathleen Brown, MD, FAAP; Muhammad Waseem, MD, MS, FAAP, FACEP, CHSE-A; Sally Snow, BSN, RN, CPEN, FAEN; Madeline Andrew, MD; Alice A. Kuo, MD, PhD, MBA, FAAP; Carmen Sulton, MD, FAAP; Thomas Chun, MD, MPH, FAAP; Lois K. Lee, MD, MPH, FAAP, FACEP; AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine; Gregory P. Conners, MD, MPH, MBA, FAAP, FACEP; James Callahan, MD, FAAP; Toni Gross, MD, MPH, FAAP; Madeline M. Joseph, MD, FAAP, FACEP; Lois K. Lee, MD, MPH, FAAP, FACEP; Elizabeth Mack, MD, MS, FAAP; Jennifer Marin, MD, MSc, FAAP; Suzan Mazor, MD, FAAP; Ronald Paul, MD, FAAP; Nathan Timm, MD, FAAP; Mark Cicero, MD, FAAP; Ann Dietrich, MD, FACEP; Andrew Eisenberg, MD, MHA; Mary Fallat, MD, FAAP; Sue Tellez; AMERICAN COLLEGE OF EMERGENCY PHYSICIANS Pediatric Emergency Medicine Committee; Ann M. Dietrich, MD; Kiyetta H. Alade, MD; Christopher S. Amato, MD; Zaza Atanelov, MD; Marc Auerbach, MD; Isabel A. Barata, MD, FACEP; Lee S. Benjamin, MD, FACEP; Kathleen T. Berg, MD; Cindy Chang, MD; Jessica Chow, MD; Corrie E. Chumpitazi, MD, MS, FACEP; Ilene A. Claudius, MD, FACEP; Joshua Easter, MD; Ashley Foster, MD; Sean M. Fox, MD, FACEP; Marianne Gausche-Hill, MD, FACEP; Michael J. Gerardi, MD, FACEP; Jeffrey M. Goodloe, MD, FACEP; Melanie Heniff, MD, JD, FAAP, FACEP; James (Jim) L. Homme, MD, FACEP; Paul T. Ishimine, MD, FACEP; Susan D. John, MD; Madeline M. Joseph, MD, FACEP; Samuel Hiu-Fung Lam, MD, MPH, RDMS, FACEP; Simone L. Lawson, MD; Moon O. Lee, MD, FACEP; Joyce Li, MD; Sophia D. Lin, MD; Dyllon Ivy Martini, MD; Larry Bruce Mellick, MD, FACEP; Donna Mendez, MD; Emory M. Petrack, MD, FACEP; Lauren Rice, MD; Emily A. Rose, MD, FACEP; Timothy Ruttan, MD, FACEP; Mohsen Saidinejad, MD, MBA, FACEP; Genevieve Santillanes, MD, FACEP; Joelle N. Simpson, MD, MPH, FACEP; Shyam M. Sivasankar, MD; Daniel Slubowski, MD; Annalise Sorrentino, MD, FACEP; Michael J. Stoner, MD, FACEP; Carmen D. Sulton, MD, FACEP; Jonathan H. Valente, MD, FACEP; Samreen Vora, MD, FACEP; Jessica J. Wall, MD; Dina Wallin, MD, FACEP; Theresa A. Walls, MD, MPH; Muhammad Waseem, MD, MS; Dale P. Woolridge, MD, PhD, FACEP; Sam Shahid, MBBS, MPH; EMERGENCY NURSES ASSOCIATION Pediatric Committee; Roberta Miller, RN, CPEN, TCRN; Elyssa Wood, PhD, MPH, RN, FAEN; Tasha Lowery, RN, APRN, CEN, CPEN, ENP-C, FNP-C; Julie Cohen, MSN, RN, CPEN, CEN; Rebecca VanStanton, MSN, RN, CEN, CPEN, TCRN; Lisa Hill, DNP, RN, TCRN; Elizabeth Stone, PhD, RN, CPEN, CHSE, FAEN; Domenique Johnson, MSN, RN

Mohsen Saidinejad, MD, MS, MBA, FAAP, FACEP; Susan Duffy, MD, MPH, FAAP; Dina Wallin, MD; Jennifer A. Hoffmann, MD, FAAP; Madeline M. Joseph, MD, FAAP, FACEP; Jennifer Schieferle Uhlenbrock, DNP, MBA, RN, TCRN; Kathleen Brown, MD, FAAP; Muhammad Waseem, MD, MS, FAAP, FACEP, CHSE-A; Sally Snow, BSN, RN, CPEN, FAEN; Madeline Andrew, MD; Alice A. Kuo, MD, PhD, MBA, FAAP; Carmen Sulton, MD, FAAP; Thomas Chun, MD, MPH, FAAP; Lois K. Lee, MD, MPH, FAAP, FACEP; AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine; Gregory P. Conners, MD, MPH, MBA, FAAP, FACEP; James Callahan, MD, FAAP; Toni Gross, MD, MPH, FAAP; Madeline M. Joseph, MD, FAAP, FACEP; Lois K. Lee, MD, MPH, FAAP, FACEP; Elizabeth Mack, MD, MS, FAAP; Jennifer Marin, MD, MSc, FAAP; Suzan Mazor, MD, FAAP; Ronald Paul, MD, FAAP; Nathan Timm, MD, FAAP; Mark Cicero, MD, FAAP; Ann Dietrich, MD, FACEP; Andrew Eisenberg, MD, MHA; Mary Fallat, MD, FAAP; Sue Tellez; AMERICAN COLLEGE OF EMERGENCY PHYSICIANS Pediatric Emergency Medicine Committee; Ann M. Dietrich, MD; Kiyetta H. Alade, MD; Christopher S. Amato, MD; Zaza Atanelov, MD; Marc Auerbach, MD; Isabel A. Barata, MD, FACEP; Lee S. Benjamin, MD, FACEP; Kathleen T. Berg, MD; Kathleen Brown, MD, FACEP; Cindy Chang, MD; Jessica Chow, MD; Corrie E. Chumpitazi, MD, MS, FACEP; Ilene A. Claudius, MD, FACEP; Joshua Easter, MD; Ashley Foster, MD; Sean M. Fox, MD, FACEP; Marianne Gausche-Hill, MD, FACEP; Michael J. Gerardi, MD, FACEP; Jeffrey M. Goodloe, MD, FACEP; Melanie Heniff, MD, JD, FAAP, FACEP; James (Jim) L. Homme, MD, FACEP; Paul T. Ishimine, MD, FACEP; Susan D. John, MD; Madeline M. Joseph, MD, FACEP; Samuel Hiu-Fung Lam, MD, MPH, RDMS, FACEP; Simone L. Lawson, MD; Moon O. Lee, MD, FACEP; Joyce Li, MD; Sophia D. Lin, MD; Dyllon Ivy Martini, MD; Larry Bruce Mellick, MD, FACEP; Donna Mendez, MD; Emory M. Petrack, MD, FACEP; Lauren Rice, MD; Emily A. Rose, MD, FACEP; Timothy Ruttan, MD, FACEP; Mohsen Saidinejad, MD, MBA, FACEP; Genevieve Santillanes, MD, FACEP; Joelle N. Simpson, MD, MPH, FACEP; Shyam M. Sivasankar, MD; Daniel Slubowski, MD; Annalise Sorrentino, MD, FACEP; Michael J. Stoner, MD, FACEP; Carmen D. Sulton, MD, FACEP; Jonathan H. Valente, MD, FACEP; Samreen Vora, MD, FACEP; Jessica J. Wall, MD; Dina Wallin, MD, FACEP; Theresa A. Walls, MD, MPH; Muhammad Waseem, MD, MS; Dale P. Woolridge, MD, PhD, FACEP; Sam Shahid, MBBS, MPH; EMERGENCY NURSES ASSOCIATION Pediatric Committee; Roberta Miller, RN, CPEN, TCRN; Elyssa Wood, PhD, MPH, RN, FAEN; Tasha Lowery, RN, APRN, CEN, CPEN, ENP-C, FNP-C; Julie Cohen, MSN, RN, CPEN, CEN; Rebecca VanStanton, MSN, RN, CEN, CPEN, TCRN; Lisa Hill, DNP, RN, TCRN; Elizabeth Stone, PhD, RN, CPEN, CHSE, FAEN; Domenique Johnson, MSN, RN

Suzan S. Mazor, MD, FAAP; Michelle C. Barrett, PharmD, BCPS, BCPPS; Corinne Shubin, MD, FAAP; Shannon Manzi, PharmD, BCPPS, FPPA; COMMITTEE ON PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE; Gregory P. Conners, MD, MPH, MBA, FAAP, FACEP; James Callahan, MD, FAAP; Toni Gross, MD, MPH, FAAP; Madeline Joseph, MD, FAAP; Lois Lee, MD, MPH, FAAP; Elizabeth Mack, MD, MS, FAAP; Jennifer Marin, MD, MSc, FAAP; Ronald Paul, MD, FAAP; Nathan Timm, MD, FAAP; Mark Cicero, MD, FAAP; Ann Dietrich, MD, FACEP; Andrew Eisenberg, MD, MHA; Mary Fallat, MD, FAAP; Cynthia Wright Johnson, MSN, RN; Cynthiana Lightfoot, BFA, NRP; Charles Macias, MD, MPH, FAAP; Diane Pilkey, RN, MPH; Katherine Remick, MD, FAAP, FEMS; Elizabeth Stone, RN, PhD, RN, CPEN; Javier Gonzalez del Rey, MD, MEd, FAAP; Joseph L. Wright, MD, MPH, FAAP; Sue Tellez

James M. Callahan, MD, FAAP, FACEP; Steve Baldwin, MD, FACEP; Chelsea Bodnar, MD, MPhil, FAAP; Susan Fuchs, MD, FAAP, FACEP; Steven Krug, MD, FAAP; Cynthiana Lightfoot, EMT-P; Mordechai Raskas, MD, EdM, FAAP; Stuart Weinberg, MD, FAAP; COMMITTEE ON PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE; Gregory Conners, MD, MPH, MBA, FAAP; James Callahan, MD, FAAP, FACEP; Javier Gonzalez del Rey, MD, MEd, FAAP; Toni Gross, MD, MPH, FAAP; Madeline Joseph, MD, FAAP; Lois Lee, MD, MPH, FAAP; Elizabeth Mack, MD, MS, FAAP; Jennifer Marin, MD, MSc, FAAP; Suzan Mazor, MD, FAAP; Ronald Paul, MD, FAAP; Nathan Timm, MD, FAAP; Ann Dietrich, MD; Andrew Eisenberg, MD, MHA; Cynthia Wright Johnson, MSN, RN; Cynthiana Lightfoot, BFA, NRP; Charles Macias, MD, MPH, FAAP; Brian Moore, MD, MPH, FAAP; Diane Pilkey, RN, MPH; Katherine Remick, MD, FAAP; Mohsen Saidinejad, MD, MBA, FAAP, FACEP; Sally Snow, RN, BSN, CPEN, FAEN; Mary Fallat, MD, FAAP; Terry Adirim, MD, MPH, FAAP; Michael S. D. Agus, MD, FAAP; Thomas Chun, MD, MPH, FAAP; Gregory Conners, MD, MPH, MBA, FAAP; Edward Conway, Jr, MD, MS, FAAP; Nanette Dudley, MD, FAAP; Natalie Lane, MD, FAAP; Charles Macias, MD, MPH, FAAP; Prashant Mahajan, MD, MPH, MBA, FAAP; Joan Shook, MD, MBA, FAAP; Joseph Wright, MD, MPH, FAAP; Sue Tellez; COUNCIL ON CLINICAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY; Emily Chui Webber, MD, FAAP; Sandy Lee Chung, MD, FAAP; Kevin Reid Dufendach, MD, MS, FAAP; Marvin Bruce Harper, MD, FAAP; Brandan P. Kennedy, MD, FAAP; Eli Matthew Lourie, MD, FAAP; Heather C. O’Donnell, MD, FAAP; Reza Sadeghian, MD, MBA, MSc, FAAP; Eric Shelov, MD, MBI, FAAP; Srinivasan Suresh, MD, MBA, FAAP; Andrew Michael Wiesenthal, MD, SM, FAAP; Francis Dick-Wai Chan, MD, FAAP; Han Yu (Stephanie) Liou, MD; Gregg M. Alexander, DO; Eric L. Beyer, MD, FAAP; Anne B. Francis, MD, FAAP; Alexander M. Hamling, MD, MBA, FAAP; Eric G. Handler, MD, MPH, FAAP; Timothy D. Johnson, DO, MMM; Eric Steven Kirkendall, MD, MBI, FAAP; Donald E. Lighter, II, MD, MBA, FAAP; Ann M. Mann, MD, FAAP; Stephen James Morgan, MD, FAAP; Stuart T. Weinberg, MD, FAAP; Jeffrey Alan Wright, MD, FAAP; Dale Clark Alverson, MD, FAAP; Mordechai Raskas, MD, EdM, FAAP; Melissa Sarah Van Cain, MD, FAAP; Lisa Krams; COUNCIL ON CHILDREN AND DISASTERS; Steven Krug, MD, FAAP; Sarita Chung, MD, FAAP; Carl Baum, MD, FACMT, FAAP; Deanna Dahl Grove, MD, FAAP; Dele Davies, MD, MS, MHCM, FAAP; Eric Dziuban, MD, DTM, CPH, FAAP; Aaron Gardner, MD, MS, FAAP; Stephanie Griese, MD, MPH, FAAP; Scott Needle, MD, FAAP; David Schonfeld, MD, FAAP; Joelle Simpson, MD, MPH, FAAP; Laura Aird, MS; AMERICAN COLLEGE OF EMERGENCY PHYSICIANS, PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE COMMITTEE; Ann M. Dietrich, MD; Kiyetta H. Alade, MD; Christopher S. Amato, MD; Zaza Atanelov, MD; Marc Auerbach, MD; Isabel A. Barata, MD, FACEP; Lee S. Benjamin, MD, FACEP; Kathleen T. Berg, MD; Kathleen Brown, MD, FACEP; Cindy Chang, MD; Jessica Chow, MD; Corrie E. Chumpitazi, MD, MS, FACEP; Ilene A. Claudius, MD, FACEP; Joshua Easter, MD; Ashley Foster, MD; Sean M. Fox, MD, FACEP; Marianne Gausche-Hill, MD, FACEP; Michael J. Gerardi, MD, FACEP; Jeffrey M. Goodloe, MD, FACEP; Melanie Heniff, MD, JD, FAAP, FACEP; James (Jim) L. Homme, MD, FACEP; Paul T. Ishimine, MD, FACEP; Susan D. John, MD; Madeline M. Joseph, MD, FACEP; Samuel Hiu-Fung Lam, MD, MPH, RDMS, FACEP; Simone L. Lawson, MD; Moon O. Lee, MD, FACEP; Joyce Li, MD; Sophia D. Lin, MD; Dyllon Ivy Martini, MD; Larry Bruce Mellick, MD, FACEP; Donna Mendez, MD; Emory M. Petrack, MD, FACEP; Lauren Rice, MD; Emily A. Rose, MD, FACEP; Timothy Ruttan, MD, FACEP; Mohsen Saidinejad, MD, MBA, FACEP; Genevieve Santillanes, MD, FACEP; Joelle N. Simpson, MD, MPH, FACEP; Shyam M. Sivasankar, MD; Daniel Slubowski, MD; Annalise Sorrentino, MD, FACEP; Michael J. Stoner, MD, FACEP; Carmen D. Sulton, MD, FACEP; Jonathan H. Valente, MD, FACEP; Samreen Vora, MD, FACEP; Jessica J. Wall, MD; Dina Wallin, MD, FACEP; Theresa A. Walls, MD, MPH; Muhammad Waseem, MD, MS; Dale P. Woolridge, MD, PhD, FACEP; Sam Shahid, MBBS, MPH

Toni K. Gross, MD, MPH, FAAP; Natalie E. Lane, MD, FAAP; Nathan L. Timm, MD, FAAP; COMMITTEE ON PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE; Gregory P. Conners, MD, MPH, MBA, FAAP; Toni Gross, MD, MPH, FAAP; Jennifer Hoffmann, MD, FAAP; Benson Hsu, MD, MBA, FAAP; Lois Lee, MD, MPH, FAAP; Jennifer Marin, MD, MSc, FAAP; Suzan Mazor, MD, FAAP; Ronald Paul, MD, FAAP; Mohsen Saidinejad, MD, MS, MBA, FAAP; Muhammad Waseem, MBBS, FAAP; Mark Cicero, MD, FAAP; Paul Ishimine, MD, FACEP, FAAP; Andrew Eisenberg, MD, MHA; Mary Fallat, MD, FAAP; Patricia Fanflik, PhD, MFT, MS; Cynthia Wright Johnson, MSN, RN; Sara Kinsman, MD, PhD, FAAP; Cynthiana Lightfoot, BFA, NRP; Charles Macias, MD, MPH, FAAP; Katherine Remick, MD, FAAP; Sam Shahid, MBBS, MPH; Elizabeth Stone, RN, PhD, CPEN; Joseph Wright, MD, MPH, FAAP; James Callahan, MD, FAAP; Javier Gonzalez del Rey, MD, MEd, FAAP; Madeline Joseph, MD, FAAP; Elizabeth Mack, MD, MS, FAAP; Nathan Timm, MD, FAAP; Ann Dietrich, MD, FACEP; Brian Moore, MD, FAAP; Diane Pilkey, RN, MPH; Mohsen Saidinejad, MD, MBA, FAAP, FACEP; Sally Snow, RN, BSN, CPEN, FAEN; Sue Tellez

Toni K. Gross, MD, MPH, FAAP; Natalie E. Lane, MD, FAAP; Nathan L. Timm, MD, FAAP; COMMITTEE ON PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE; Gregory P. Conners, MD, MPH, MBA, FAAP; Jennifer Hoffmann, MD, FAAP; Benson Hsu, MD, MBA, FAAP; Lois Lee, MD, MPH, FAAP; Jennifer Marin, MD, MSc, FAAP; Suzan Mazor, MD, FAAP; Ronald Paul, MD, FAAP; Mohsen Saidinejad, MD, MS, MBA, FAAP; Muhammad Waseem, MBBS, FAAP; Mark Cicero, MD, FAAP; Paul Ishimine, MD, FACEP, FAAP; Andrew Eisenberg, MD, MHA; Mary Fallat, MD, FAAP; Patricia Fanflik, PhD, MFT, MS; Cynthia Wright Johnson, MSN, RN; Sara Kinsman, MD, PhD, FAAP; Cynthiana Lightfoot, BFA, NRP; Charles Macias, MD, MPH, FAAP; Katherine Remick, MD, FAAP; Sam Shahid, MBBS, MPH; Elizabeth Stone, RN, PhD, CPEN; Joseph Wright, MD, MPH, FAAP; James Callahan, MD, FAAP; Javier Gonzalez del Rey, MD, MEd, FAAP; Madeline Joseph, MD, FAAP; Elizabeth Mack, MD, MS, FAAP; Ann Dietrich, MD, FACEP; Brian Moore, MD, FAAP; Diane Pilkey, RN, MPH; Mohsen Saidinejad, MD, MBA, FAAP, FACEP; Sally Snow, RN, BSN, CPEN, FAEN; Sue Tellez

Madeline M. Joseph, MD, FAAP, FACEP; Prashant Mahajan, MD, MPH, MBA; Sally K. Snow, BSN, RN, CPEN, FAEN; Brandon C. Ku, MD; Mohsen Saidinejad, MD, MS, MBA; the AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS COMMITTEE ON PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, AMERICAN COLLEGE OF EMERGENCY PHYSICIANS PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE COMMITTEE, and EMERGENCY NURSES ASSOCIATION PEDIATRIC COMMITTEE

Madeline M. Joseph, MD, FAAP, FACEP; Prashant Mahajan, MD, MPH, MBA; Sally K. Snow, BSN, RN, CPEN, FAEN; Brandon C. Ku, MD; Mohsen Saidinejad, MD, MS, MBA; COMMITTEE ON PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, the AMERICAN COLLEGE OF EMERGENCY PHYSICIANS PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE COMMITTEE, and the EMERGENCY NURSES ASSOCIATION PEDIATRIC COMMITTEE

Rani S. Gereige, MD, MPH, FAAP; Toni Gross, MD, MPH, FAAP; Ebaa Jastaniah, MD, MPH, MBA, FAAP; COUNCIL ON SCHOOL HEALTH AND COMMITTEE ON PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE

Kathleen M. Brown, MD, FAAP, FACEP; Alice D. Ackerman, MD, MBA, FAAP; Timothy K. Ruttan, MD, FACEP, FAAP; Sally K. Snow, RN, BSN, CPEN, FAEN; COMMITTEE ON PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE; AMERICAN COLLEGE OF EMERGENCY PHYSICIANS, PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE COMMITTEE; EMERGENCY NURSES ASSOCIATION, PEDIATRIC COMMITTEE, 2018–2019; Gregory P. Conners, MD, MPH, MBA, FAAP; James Callahan, MD, FAAP; Toni Gross, MD, MPH, FAAP; Madeline Joseph, MD, FAAP; Lois Lee, MD, MPH, FAAP; Elizabeth Mack, MD, MS, FAAP; Jennifer Marin, MD, MSc, FAAP; Suzan Mazor, MD, FAAP; Ronald Paul, MD, FAAP; Nathan Timm, MD, FAAP; Ann M. Dietrich, MD; Kiyetta H. Alade, MD; Christopher S. Amato, MD; Zaza Atanelov, MD; Marc Auerbach, MD; Isabel A. Barata, MD, FACEP; Lee S. Benjamin, MD, FACEP; Kathleen T. Berg, MD; Cindy Chang, MD; Jessica Chow, MD; Corrie E. Chumpitazi, MD, MS, FACEP; Ilene A. Claudius, MD, FACEP; Joshua Easter, MD; Ashley Foster, MD; Sean M. Fox, MD, FACEP; Marianne Gausche-Hill, MD, FACEP; Michael J. Gerardi, MD, FACEP; Jeffrey M. Goodloe, MD, FACEP; Melanie Heniff, MD, JD, FAAP, FACEP; James (Jim) L. Homme, MD, FACEP; Paul T. Ishimine, MD, FACEP; Susan D. John, MD; Madeline M. Joseph, MD, FACEP; Samuel Hiu-Fung Lam, MD, MPH, RDMS, FACEP; Simone L. Lawson, MD; Moon O. Lee, MD, FACEP; Joyce Li, MD; Sophia D. Lin, MD; Dyllon Ivy Martini, MD; Larry Bruce Mellick, MD, FACEP; Donna Mendez, MD; Emory M. Petrack, MD, FACEP; Lauren Rice, MD; Emily A. Rose, MD, FACEP; Mohsen Saidinejad, MD, MBA, FACEP; Genevieve Santillanes, MD, FACEP; Joelle N. Simpson, MD, MPH, FACEP; Shyam M. Sivasankar, MD; Daniel Slubowski, MD; Annalise Sorrentino, MD, FACEP; Michael J. Stoner, MD, FACEP; Carmen D. Sulton, MD, FACEP; Jonathan H. Valente, MD, FACEP; Samreen Vora, MD, FACEP; Jessica J. Wall, MD; Dina Wallin, MD, FACEP; Theresa A. Walls, MD, MPH; Muhammad Waseem, MD, MS; Dale P. Woolridge, MD, PhD, FACEP; Cam Brandt, MS, RN, CEN, CPEN; Krisi M. Kult, BSN, RN, CPEN, CPN; Justin J. Milici, MSN, RN, CEN, CPEN, CCRN, TCRN, FAEN; Nicholas A. Nelson, MS, RN, CEN, CPEN, CTRN, CCRN, NRP, TCRN; Michele A. Redlo, MSN, MPA, RN, CPEN; Maureen R. Curtis Cooper, BSN, RN, CEN, CPEN, FAEN; Katherine Logee, MSN, RN, NP, CEN, CPEN, CFRN, CNE, FNP-BC, PNP-BC; Dixie Elizabeth Bryant, MSN, RN, CEN, CPEN, NE-BC; Kristen Cline, BSN, RN, CEN, CPEN, CFRN, CTRN, TCRN

Rohit P. Shenoi, MD, FAAP; Nathan Timm, MD, FAAP; COMMITTEE ON DRUGS; COMMITTEE ON PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE; Bridgette Jones, MD, FAAP; Kathleen Neville, MD, MS, MBA, FAAP; Jennifer Foster, MD, FAAP; Connie Houck, MD, FAAP; Matthew Laughon, MD, FAAP; Ian Paul, MD, FAAP; Routt J. Reigart, MD, FAAP; Janice Sullivan, MD, FAAP; John van den Anker, MD, PhD, FAAP; Joseph Wright, MD, MPH, FAAP; Terry Adirim, MD, MPH, FAAP; James Callahan, MD, FAAP; Michael Agus, MD, FAAP; Javier Gonzalez del Rey, MD, MEd, FAAP; Toni Gross, MD, MPH, FAAP; Madeline Joseph, MD, FAAP; Natalie Lane, MD, FAAP; Lois Lee, MD, MPH, FAAP; Elizabeth Mack, MD, FAAP; Prashant Mahajan, MD, MPH, MBA, FAAP; Jennifer Marin, MD, FAAP; Suzan Mazor, MD, FAAP

Sylvia Owusu-Ansah, MD, MPH, FAAP; Brian Moore, MD, FAAP; Manish I. Shah, MD, MS, FAAP; Toni Gross, MD, MPH, FAAP; Kathleen Brown, MD, FAAP; Marianne Gausche-Hill, MD, FACEP, FAAP, FAEMS; Katherine Remick, MD, FACEP, FAAP, FAEMS; Kathleen Adelgais, MD, MPH, FAAP; Lara Rappaport, MD, MPH, FAAP; Sally Snow, RN, BSN, CPEN, FAEN; Cynthia Wright-Johnson, MSN, RNC; Julie C. Leonard, MD, MPH, FAAP; John Lyng, MD, FAEMS, FACEP, NRP; Mary Fallat, MD, FACS, FAAP; COMMITTEE ON PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, SECTION ON EMERGENCY MEDICINE; EMS SUBCOMMITTEE, SECTION ON SURGERY; Joseph Wright, MD, MPH, FAAP; James Callahan, MD, FAAP; Javier Gonzalez del Rey, MD, MEd, FAAP; Madeline Joseph, MD, FAAP; Natalie Lane, MD, FAAP; Lois Lee, MD, MPH, FAAP; Elizabeth Mack, MD, MS, FAAP; Jennifer Marin, MD, MSc, FAAP; Suzan Mazor, MD, FAAP; Nathan Timm, MD, FAAP

Brian Moore, MD, FAAP; Manish I. Shah, MD, MS, FAAP; Sylvia Owusu-Ansah, MD, MPH, FAAP; Toni Gross, MD, MPH, FAAP; Kathleen Brown, MD, FAAP; Marianne Gausche-Hill, MD, FACEP, FAAP, FAEMS; Katherine Remick, MD, FACEP, FAAP, FAEMS; Kathleen Adelgais, MD, MPH, FAAP; John Lyng, MD, FAEMS, FACEP, NRP; Lara Rappaport, MD, MPH, FAAP; Sally Snow, RN, BSN, CPEN, FAEN; Cynthia Wright-Johnson, MSN, RNC; Julie C. Leonard, MD, MPH, FAAP; and the AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS COMMITTEE ON PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE AND SECTION ON EMERGENCY MEDICINE EMS SUBCOMMITTEE; AMERICAN COLLEGE OF EMERGENCY PHYSICIANS EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES COMMITTEE; EMERGENCY NURSES ASSOCIATION PEDIATRIC COMMITTEE; NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES PHYSICIANS STANDARDS AND CLINICAL PRACTICE COMMITTEE; NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF EMERGENCY MEDICAL TECHNICIANS EMERGENCY PEDIATRIC CARE COMMITTEE; Joseph Wright, MD, MPH, FAAP; Terry Adirim, MD, MPH, FAAP; Michael S.D. Agus, MD, FAAP; James Callahan, MD, FAAP; Toni Gross, MD, MPH, FAAP; Natalie Lane, MD, FAAP; Lois Lee, MD, MPH, FAAP; Suzan Mazor, MD, FAAP; Prashant Mahajan, MD, MPH, MBA, FAAP; Nathan Timm, MD, FAAP; Jeffrey Goodloe, MD, FACEP, FAEMS; Kathleen Brown, MD, FACEP, FAAP; Becky Abell, MD, FACEP; Roy Alson, MD, PhD, FACEP; Kerry Bachista, MD, FACEP; Lynthia Bowman, DO, FACEP; Heather Boynton, MD; Sara Ann Brown, MD, FACEP; Allen Chang, MD; Darby Copeland, EdD, RN, NRP; Robert De Lorenzo, MD, FACEP; Derek Douglas; Raymond Fowler, MD, FACEP; John Gallagher, MD, FACEP; Sheaffer Gilliam, MD; Frank Guyette, MD, FACEP; Dustin Holland, MD; Jeffrey Jarvis, MD, FACEP, EMT-P; Clinton Kalan, PA-C; Jacob Keeperman, MD, FACEP; Douglas Kupas, MD, FACEP; Julio Lairet, DO, FACEP; Michael Levy, MD, FACEP; Kristopher Lyon, MD, FACEP; Craig Manifold, DO, FACEP; Kristin McCabe-Kline, MD, FACEP; Howard Mell, MD, FACEP; Brian Miller, MD; Michael Millin, MD, MPH, FACEP; Brett Rosen, MD; Jared Ross, MD; Kevin Ryan, MD; Stephen Sanko, MD; Shira Schlesinger, MD, MPH; Charles Sheppard, MD, FACEP; Harry Sibold, MD, FACEP; Sullivan Smith, MD, FACEP; Michael Spigner, MD; Vincent Stracuzzi, MD; Christopher Tanski, MD, MS, EMT; Joseph Tennyson, MD, FACEP; Chelsea White IV, MD, NREMT-P; David Wilcocks, MD; Allen Yee, MD, FACEP; Tiffany Young, BSN, RN, CPNP; Joyce Foresman-Capuzzi, MSN, RN, CNS; Rose Johnson, RN; Heather Martin, DNP, MS. RN, PNP-BC; Justin Milici, MSN, RN; Cam Brandt, MS, RN; Nicholas Nelson, MS, RN, EMT-P; John Lyng, MD, FAEMS, FACEP, NRP (Paramedic); Shannon Watson, CCEMT-P; Katherine Remick, MD; Ann Dietrich, MD; Kyle Bates, MS, NREMT-P, CCEMT-P; Frank Flake, EMT-P; Gustavo Flores, MD, EMT-P

Katherine Remick, MD; Marianne Gausche-Hill, MD; Madeline M. Joseph, MD; Kathleen Brown, MD; Sally K. Snow, BSN; Joseph L. Wright, MD; AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine and Section on Surgery; AMERICAN COLLEGE OF EMERGENCY PHYSICIANS Pediatric Emergency Medicine Committee; EMERGENCY NURSES ASSOCIATION Pediatric Committee; Terry Adirim, MD; Michael S.D. Agus, MD; James Callahan, MD; Toni Gross, MD; Natalie Lane, MD; Lois Lee, MD; Suzan Mazor, MD; Prashant Mahajan, MD; Nathan Timm, MD; Kurt F. Heiss, MD; Elizabeth Beierle, MD; Gail Ellen Besner, MD; Cynthia D. Downard, MD; Mary Elizabeth Fallat, MD; Kenneth William Gow, MD; Kiyetta Alade, MD; Christopher Amato, MD; Jahn T. Avarello, MD; Steven Baldwin, MD; Isabel A. Barata, MD; Lee S. Benjamin, MD; Kathleen Berg, MD; Jeffrey Bullard-Berent, MD; Ann Marie Dietrich, MD; Phillip Friesen, DO; Michael Gerardi, MD; Alan Heins, MD; Doug K. Holtzman, MD; Jeffrey Homme, MD; Timothy Horeczko, MD; Paul Ishimine, MD; Samuel Lam, MD; Katharine Long; Kurtis Mayz, JD; Sanjay Mehta, MD; Larry Mellick, MD; Aderonke Ojo, MD; Audrey Z. Paul, MD; Denis R. Pauze, MD; Nadia M. Pearson, DO; Debra Perina, MD; Emory Petrack, MD; David Rayburn, MD; Emily Rose, MD; W. Scott Russell, MD; Timothy Ruttan, MD; Mohsen Saidinejad, MD; Brian Sanders, MD; Joelle Simpson, MD; Patrick Solari, MD; Michael Stoner, MD; Jonathan H. Valente, MD; Jessica Wall, MD; Dina Wallin, MD; Muhammad Waseem, MD; Paula J. Whiteman, MD; Dale Woolridge, MD; Tiffany Young, BSN; Joyce Foresman-Capuzzi, MSN; Rose Johnson, RN; Heather Martin, DNP; Justin Milici, MSN; Cam Brandt, MS; Nicholas Nelson, MS

Susan M. Fuchs, MD; COMMITTEE ON PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE; Joseph Wright, MD; Terry Adirim, MD; Michael S.D. Agus, MD; James Callahan, MD; Toni Gross, MD; Natalie Lane, MD; Lois Lee, MD; Suzan Mazor, MD; Prashant Mahajan, MD; Nathan Timm, MD

James M. Callahan, MD; Susan M. Fuchs, MD; COMMITTEE ON PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE; Joseph Wright, MD; Terry Adirim, MD; Michael S.D. Agus, MD; Toni Gross, MD; Natalie Lane, MD; Lois Lee, MD; Suzan Mazor, MD; Prashant Mahajan, MD; Nathan Timm, MD

Lee Benjamin, MD, FAAP, FACEP; Karen Frush, MD, FAAP; Kathy Shaw, MD, MSCE, FAAP; Joan E. Shook, MD, MBA, FAAP; Sally K. Snow, BSN, RN, CPEN, FAEN; AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine; AMERICAN COLLEGE OF EMERGENCY PHYSICIANS Pediatric Emergency Medicine Committee; EMERGENCY NURSES ASSOCIATION Pediatric Emergency Medicine Committee; Joseph Wright, MD, MPH, FAAP; Terry Adirim, MD, MPH, FAAP; Michael S.D. Agus, MD, FAAP; James Callahan, MD, FAAP; Toni Gross, MD, MPH, FAAP; Natalie Lane, MD, FAAP; Lois Lee, MD, MPH, FAAP; Suzan Mazor, MD, FAAP; Prashant Mahajan, MD, MPH, MBA, FAAP; Nathan Timm, MD; Madeline Joseph, MD, FACEP; Kiyetta Alade, MD; Christopher Amato, MD, FACEP; Jahn T. Avarello, MD, FACEP; Steven Baldwin, MD; Isabel A. Barata, MD, FACEP, FAAP; Kathleen Berg, MD; Kathleen Brown, MD, FACEP; Jeffrey Bullard-Berent, MD, FACEP; Ann Marie Dietrich, MD, FACEP; Phillip Friesen, DO; Michael Gerardi, MD, FACEP, FAAP; Alan Heins, MD, FACEP; Doug K. Holtzman, MD, FACEP; Jeffrey Homme, MD, FACEP; Timothy Horeczko, MD, MSCR; Paul Ishimine, MD, FACEP; Samuel Lam, MD, RDMS; Katharine Long; Kurtis Mayz, JD, MD, MBA; Sanjay Mehta, MD, Med, FACEP; Larry Mellick, MD; Aderonke Ojo, MD, MBBS; Audrey Z. Paul, MD, PhD; Denis R. Pauze, MD, FACEP; Nadia M. Pearson, DO; Debra Perina, MD, FACEP; Emory Petrack, MD; David Rayburn, MD, MPH; Emily Rose, MD; W. Scott Russell, MD, FACEP; Timothy Ruttan, MD, FACEP; Mohsen Saidinejad, MD, MBA, FACEP; Brian Sanders, MD; Joelle Simpson, MD, MPH; Patrick Solari, MD; Michael Stoner, MD; Jonathan H. Valente, MD, FACEP; Jessica Wall, MD; Dina Wallin, MD; Muhammad Waseem, MD, MS, FACEP; Paula J. Whiteman, MD, FACEP; Dale Woolridge, MD, PhD, FACEP; Tiffany Young, BSN, RN, CPNP; Joyce Foresman-Capuzzi, MSN, RN, CNS; Rose Johnson, RN; Heather Martin, DNP, MS RN, PNP-BC; Justin Milici, MSN, RN; Cam Brandt, MS, RN; Nicholas Nelson, MS RN, EMT-P

Gregory P. Conners, MD; Susan J. Kressly, MD; James M. Perrin, MD; Julia E. Richerson, MD; Usha M. Sankrithi, MBBS; COMMITTEE ON PRACTICE AND AMBULATORY MEDICINE; COMMITTEE ON PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE; SECTION ON TELEHEALTH CARE; SECTION ON EMERGENCY MEDICINE; SUBCOMMITTEE ON URGENT CARE; TASK FORCE ON PEDIATRIC PRACTICE CHANGE; Geoffrey R. Simon, MD; Alexy D. Arauz Boudreau, MD; Cynthia Baker, MD; Graham A. Barden, III, MD; Jesse Hackell, MD; Amy Hardin, MD; Kelley Meade, MD; Scot Moore, MD; Joan E. Shook, MD; James M. Callahan, MD; Thomas H. Chun, MD; Edward E. Conway, Jr, MD; Nanette C. Dudley, MD; Toni K. Gross, MD; Natalie E. Lane, MD; Charles G. Macias, MD; Nathan L. Timm, MD; Joshua J. Alexander, MD; Denise M. Bell, MD; Maya Bunik, MD; Bryan L. Burke, Jr, MD; Neil E. Herendeen, MD; Joseph A. Kahn, MD; Charles G. Macias, MD; Prashant V. Mahajan, MD; Marc H. Gorelick, MD; Lalit Bajaj, MD; Javier A. Gonzalez del Rey, MD; Sandra Herr, MD; Colette C. Mull, MD; David Schnadower, MD; Paul E. Sirbaugh, DO; Angela Lumba-Brown, MD; Deanna L. Dahl-Grove, MD; Toni K. Gross, MD; Constance M. McAneney, MD; Katherine E. Remick, MD; Paul E. Sirbaugh, DO; Anupam Kharbanda, MD; Lise Nigrovic, MD; Paul C. Mullan, MD; Margaret S. Wolff, MD; Jeffrey A. Schor, MD; Anne R. Edwards, MD; Joshua J. Alexander, MD; Patricia J. Flanagan, MD; Mark L. Hudak, MD; Julie P. Katkin, MD; Colleen A. Kraft, MD; Ricardo A. Quinonez, MD; Budd N. Shenkin, MD; Tyler K. Smith, MD; Joel S. Tieder, MD