Child Abuse and Neglect

Suzanne Haney, MD, FAAP; Susan Scherl, MD, FAAP; Linda DiMeglio, MD, FAAP; Jeannette Perez-Rossello, MD, FAAP; Sabah Servaes, MD, FAAP; Nadia Merchant, MD, FAAP; and the COUNCIL ON CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT; Antoinette Laskey, MD, MPH, MBA, FAAP; Suzanne Breen Haney, MD, MS, FAAP; Andrea Gottsegen Asnes, MD, FAAP; Verena Wyvill Brown, MD, FAAP; Amanda Bird Hoffert Gilmartin, MD, FAAP; Rebecca Girardet, MD, FAAP; Nancy Dayzie Heavilin, MD, FAAP; Natalie Kissoon, MD, FAAP; Bethany Anne Mohr, MD, FAAP; Patricia Dinalynn Morgan, MD, FAAP; Shalon Marie Nienow, MD, FAAP; Norell Rosado, MD, FAAP; SECTION ON ORTHOPAEDICS; Joshua Abzug, MD, FAAP; Meng Yi-Yen, MD, FAAP; Martin J. Herman, MD, FAAP; Lindsay Andras, MD, FAAP; Aristides Cruz, Jr, MD, FAAP; Christine Ho, MD, FAAP; Alexa Karkenny, MD, FAAP; J. Todd Lawrence, MD, PhD, FAAP; Susan Scherl, MD, FAAP; SECTION ON RADIOLOGY; Hansel J. Otero, MD, FAAP; Patricia Trinidad Acharya, MD, FAAP; Katherine Barton, MD, FAAP; Ellen Benya, MD, FAAP; Brandon Patrick Brown, MD MA, FAAP; Reza James Daugherty, MD, FAAP; and SECTION ON ENDOCRINOLOGY; Kupper Anthony Wintergerst, MD, FAAP; Jane Lockwood Lynch, MD; Lucy Diane Mastrandrea, MD, PhD, FAAP; Jennifer Marie Barker, MD, FAAP; Kathleen Elizabeth Bethin, MD, FAAP; Chineze Ebo, MD, FAAP; David H. Jelley, MD, FAAP; Bess Adkins Marshall, MD, FAAP; and the SOCIETY FOR PEDIATRIC RADIOLOGY

John Stirling, MD, FAAP; Amy Gavril, MD, MSCI, FAAP; Brian Brennan, MD, FAAP; Robert D. Sege, MD, PhD, FAAP; Howard Dubowitz, MD, MS, FAAP; American Academy of Pediatrics, COUNCIL ON CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT; Suzanne Breen Haney, MD, MS, FAAP; Antoinette Laskey, MD, MPH, MBA, FAAP; Andrea Asnes, MD, MSW, FAAP; Verena Brown, MD, FAAP; Amy Gavril, MD, MSCI, FAAP; Rebecca G. Girardet, MD, FAAP; Nancy Heavilin, MD, FAAP; Amanda Bird Hoffert Gilmartin, MD, FAAP; Sheila M. Idzerda, MD, FAAP; Natalie Kissoon, MD, FAAP; Lori Anne Legano, MD, FAAP; Stephen Anthony Messner, MD, FAAP; Bethany Anne Mohr, MD, FAAP; Patricia Morgan, MD, FAAP; Shalon Marie Nienow, MD, FAAP; Norell Rosado, MD, FAAP; Rachael Keefe, MD, MPH, FAAP; Brooks Keeshin, MD, FAAP; Jennifer Matjasko, PhD; Serena Wagoner, DO; Elaine Stedt, MSW, ACSW;; Tammy Piazza Hurley; Jeff Hudson, MA

Jonathan Thackeray, MD, FAAP; Nina Livingston, MD, FAAP; Maya I. Ragavan, MD, MPH, FAAP; Judy Schaechter, MD, MBA, FAAP; Eric Sigel, MD, FAAP; COUNCIL ON CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT; Suzanne Breen Haney, MD, FAAP; Andrew P. Sirotnak, MD, FAAP; Andrea Gottsegen Asnes, MD, FAAP; Amy R. Gavril, MD, MSCI, FAAP; Rebecca Greenlee Girardet, MD, FAAP; Amanda Bird Hoffert Gilmartin, MD, FAAP; Nancy Dayzie Heavilin, MD, FAAP; Sheila M. Idzerda, MD, FAAP; Antoinette Laskey, MD, MPH, MBA, FAAP; Lori A. Legano, MD, FAAP; Stephen A. Messner, MD, FAAP; Bethany Anne Mohr, MD, FAAP; Shalon Marie Nienow, MD, FAAP; Norell Rosado, MD, FAAP; Heather C. Forkey, MD, FAAP; Brooks Keeshin, MD, FAAP; Jennifer Matjasko, PhD; Heather Edward, MD; Elaine Stedt, MSW, ACSW; Tammy Piazza Hurley; COUNCIL ON INJURY, VIOLENCE, AND POISON PREVENTION; Benjamin Hoffman, MD, FAAP; Lois K. Lee, MD, MPH, FAAP; Phyllis F. Agran, MD, MA, MPH, FAAP; Alison Culyba, MD, PhD, MPH, FAAP; James Dodington, MD, FAAP; Michael Hirsh, MD, FAAP; Katherine Flynn-O’Brien, MD, MPH, FAAP; Aimee Grace, MD, FAAP; Maya Haasz, MD, FAAP; Brian Johnston, MD, MPH, FAAP; Sadiqa Kendi, MD, CPST, FAAP; Andrew Kiragu, MD, FAAP; Terri McFadden, MD, FAAP; Kathy Wingo Monroe, MD, FAAP; Kevin Osterhoudt, MD, MS, FAAP; Judy Schaechter, MD, MBA, FAAP; Milton Tenenbein, MD, FAAP; Mark Zonfrillo, MD, MSCE, FAAP; Kyran Quinlan, MD, MPH, FAAP; Suzanne Beno, MD; Cinnamon Dixon, DO, MPH; Laura Dunn; Jonathan D. Midgett, PhD; Bethany Miller, LCSW-C, Med; Judith Qualters, PhD, MPH; Bonnie Kozial

Jordan Greenbaum, MD; Dana Kaplan, MD, FAAP; Janine Young, MD, FAAP; COUNCIL ON CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT; Suzanne B. Haney, MD, MS, FAAP; Andrew P. Sirotnak, MD, FAAP; Andrea Gottsegen Asnes, MD, FAAP; Amy R. Gavril, MD, MSCI, FAAP; Amanda Bird Hoffert Gilmartin, MD, FAAP; Rebecca Greenlee Girardet, MD, FAAP; Nancy D. Heavilin, MD, FAAP; Antoinette Laskey, MD, MPH, MBA, FAAP; Stephen A. Messner, MD, FAAP; Bethany A. Mohr, MD, FAAP; Shalon Marie Nienow, MD, FAAP; Norell Rosado, MD, FAAP; Heather Forkey, MD, FAAP; Rachael Keefe, MD, MPH, FAAP; Brooks Keeshin, MD, FAAP; Jennifer Matjasko, PhD; Heather Edward, MD; Elaine Stedt, MSW, ACSW; Tammy Piazza Hurley; COUNCIL ON IMMIGRANT CHILD AND FAMILY HEALTH; Julie Linton, MD, FAAP; Raul Gutierrez, MD, FAAP; Tania Caballero, MD, FAAP; Olanrewaju “Lanre” Omojokun Falusi, MD, FAAP; Minal Giri, MD, FAAP; Marsha Griffin, MD, FAAP; Anisa Ibrahim, MD, FAAP; Kimberly Mukerjee, MD, FAAP; Sural Shah, MD, FAAP; Alan Shapiro, MD, PhD, FAAP; Janine Young, MD, FAAP

Shannon L. Carpenter, MD, MS, FAAP; Thomas C. Abshire, MD; Emily Killough, MD, FAAP; James D. Anderst, MD, MS, FAAP; the AAP SECTION ON HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY, THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY AND ONCOLOGY, and the AAP COUNCIL ON CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT

James Anderst, MD, MSCI, FAAP; Shannon L. Carpenter, MD, MS, FAAP; Thomas C. Abshire, MD; Emily Killough, MD, FAAP; AAP SECTION ON HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY, THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY, THE AAP COUNCIL ON CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT; Consultants; Eneida A. Mendonca, MD, PhD, FAAP, FACMI; Stephen M. Downs, MD, MS, FAAP, FACMI; Section on Hematology/Oncology executive committee, 2020–2021; Cynthia Wetmore, MD, PhD, FAAP, chairperson; Carl Allen, MD, PhD, FAAP; David Dickens, MD, FAAP; James Harper, MD, FAAP; Zora R. Rogers, MD, FAAP; Juhi Jain, MD, FAAP; Anne Warwick, MD, MPH, FAAP; Amber Yates, MD, FAAP; past executive committee members; Jeffrey Hord, MD, FAAP; Jeffrey Lipton, MD, PhD, FAAP; Hope Wilson, MD, FAAP; staff; Suzanne Kirkwood, MS; Council on Child Abuse and Neglect, 2020–2021; Suzanne B. Haney, MD, MS, FAAP, chairperson; Andrea Gottsegen Asnes, MD, FAAP; Amy R. Gavril, MD, MSCI, FAAP; Rebecca Greenlee Girardet, MD, FAAP; Nancy Heavilin, MD, FAAP; Amanda Bird Hoffert Gilmartin, MD, FAAP; Antoinette Laskey, MD, MPH, MBA, FAAP; Stephen A. Messner, MD, FAAP; Bethany Anne Mohr, MD, FAAP; Shalon Marie Nienow, MD, FAAP; Norell Rosado, MD, FAAP; cast Council on Child Abuse and Neglect executive committee members; Sheila M. Idzerda, MD, FAAP; Lori A. Legano, MD, FAAP; Anish Raj, MD; Andrew P. Sirotnak, MD, FAAP; Liaisons; Heather C. Forkey, MD, FAAP; Council on Foster Care, Adoption and Kinship Care; Brooks Keeshin, MD, FAAP; American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Jennifer Matjasko, PhD; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Heather Edward, MD; Section on Pediatric Trainees; staff; Müge Chavdar, MPH; American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Board of Trustees, 2020–2021; Jorge Di Paola, MD, president; Patrick Leavey, MD, FAAP; Doug Graham, MD, PhD; Caroline Hastings, MD; Nobuko Hijiya, MD; Jeffrey Hord, MD, FAAP; Dana Matthews, MD; Betty Pace, MD; Maria C. Velez, MD, FAAP; Dan Wechsler, MD, PhD; past board members; Amy Billett, MD, FAAP; Linda Stork, MD; staff; Ryan Hooker, MPT

Antoinette Laskey, MD, MPH, MBA, FAAP; Suzanne Haney, MD, MS, FAAP; Sarah Northrop, MD, FAAP; THE COUNCIL ON CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT

Lori A. Legano, MD, FAAP; Larry W. Desch, MD, FAAP; Stephen A. Messner, MD, FAAP; Sheila Idzerda, MD, FAAP; Emalee G. Flaherty, MD, FAAP; COUNCIL ON CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT; COUNCIL ON CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES; Suzanne Breen Haney, MD, FAAP; Andrew P. Sirotnak, MD, FAAP; Amy R. Gavril, MD, MSCI, FAAP; Rebecca Greenlee Girardet, MD, FAAP; Amanda Bird Hoffert Gilmartin, MD, FAAP; Antoinette Laskey, MD, MPH, MBA, FAAP; Bethany Anne Mohr, MD, FAAP; Shalon Marie Nienow, MD, FAAP; Norell Rosado, MD, FAAP; Dennis Z. Kuo, MD, MHS, FAAP; Susan Apkon, MD, FAAP; Lynn F. Davidson, MD, FAAP; Kathryn A. Ellerbeck, MD, FAAP; Jessica E. A. Foster, MD, MPH, FAAP; Susan L. Hyman, MD, FAAP; Garey H. Noritz, MD, FAAP; Mary O’Connor Leppert, MD, FAAP; Barbara Saunders, DO, FAAP; Christopher Stille, MD, MPH, FAAP; Larry Yin, MD, MSPH, FAAP

Sandeep K. Narang, MD, JD, FAAP; Amanda Fingarson, DO, FAAP; James Lukefahr, MD, FAAP; COUNCIL ON CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT; Andrew P. Sirotnak, MD, FAAP; Emalee G. Flaherty, MD, FAAP; CAPT Amy R. Gavril, MD, MSCI, FAAP; Amanda Bird Hoffert Gilmartin, MD, FAAP; Suzanne B. Haney, MD, FAAP; Sheila M. Idzerda, MD, FAAP; Antoinette Laskey, MD, MPH, MBA, FAAP; Lori A. Legano, MD, FAAP; Stephen A. Messner, MD, FAAP; Bethany Mohr, MD, FAAP; Rebecca L. Moles, MD, FAAP; Shalon Nienow, MD, FAAP; Vincent J. Palusci, MD, MS, FAAP

Brooks Keeshin, MD, FAAP; Heather C. Forkey, MD, FAAP; George Fouras, MD, DFAACAP; Harriet L. MacMillan, CM, MD, MSc, FRCPC; AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS, COUNCIL ON CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT, COUNCIL ON FOSTER CARE, ADOPTION, AND KINSHIP CARE, AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY, COMMITTEE ON CHILD MALTREATMENT AND VIOLENCE, COMMITTEE ON ADOPTION AND FOSTER CARE; Emalee G. Flaherty, MD, FAAP; Andrew P. Sirotnak, MD, FAAP; Ann E. Budzak, MD, FAAP, CAPT; Amy R. Gavril, MD, MSCI, FAAP; Suzanne B. Haney, MD, FAAP; Sheila M. Idzerda, MD, FAAP; Antoinette Laskey, MD, MPH, MBP, FAAP; Lori A. Legano, MD, FAAP; Stephen A. Messner, MD, FAAP; Rebecca L. Moles, MD, FAAP; Vincent J. Palusci, MD, MS, FAAP; Sarah H. Springer, MD, FAAP; Mary Booth Vaden Greiner, MD, MS, FAAP; David A. Harmon, MD, FAAP; Veronnie Faye Jones, MD, PhD, MSPH, FAAP; Paul J Lee, MD, FAAP; Lisa M. Nalven, MD, MA, FAAP; Linda Davidson Sagor; MD MPH, FAAP; Moira Ann Szilagyi, MD, PhD, FAAP; Jonathan David Thackeray, MD, FAAP; Douglas Waite, MD, FAAP; Lisa Weber Zetley, MD, FAAP; Judith A. Cohen, MD; Jeanette M. Scheid, MD, PhD; Kalpana Miriyala, MD; David Lewis Corwin, MD; Beverly Bryant, MD; Lisa Amaya-Jackson, MD, MPH; Michael D. De Bellis, MD; Dayna LePlatte-Ogini, MD; Ram Chettiar, DO; Sara Pawlowski, MD; Mikal Hicks-Black, DO; Harry DeCabo; Terry Git Lee, MD; Wynne S. Morgan, MD; Alka Aneja, MD; Imtiaz Basrai, MD; Hanu Damerla, MD; Lisa Durette, MD; Nerissa Galang-Feather, MD; William Lohr, MD; Michael W. Naylor, MD; Megan Baker, MD; Veronica L. Murphy, MD; Sarah Wakefield, MD; Divya Chhabra, MD; Fernando Valles, MPH, MSMS

Vincent J. Palusci, MD, MS, FAAP; Council on Child Abuse and Neglect; Amanda J. Kay, MD, MPH, FAAP; Erich Batra, MD, FAAP; Section on Child Death Review and Prevention; Rachel Y. Moon, MD, FAAP; Task Force on Sudden Infant Death Syndrome; NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MEDICAL EXAMINERS; Tracey S. Corey, MD; Thomas Andrew, MD; Michael Graham, MD; Andrew P. Sirotnak, MD, FAAP; Emalee G. Flaherty, MD, FAAP; Amy R. Gavril, MD, MSCI, FAAP; Amanda Bird Hoffert Gilmartin, MD, FAAP; Suzanne B. Haney, MD, FAAP; Sheila M. Idzerda, MD, FAAP; Antoinette “Toni” Laskey, MD, MPH, MBA, FAAP; Lori A. Legano, MD, FAAP; Stephen A. Messner, MD, FAAP; Bethany Anne Mohr, MD, FAAP; Rebecca L. Moles, MD, FAAP; Shalon Marie Nienow, MD, FAAP; Carol Berkowitz, MD, FAAP; Howard Needelman, MD, FAAP; Timothy Corden, MD, MPH, FAAP; Robert Darnall, MD, FAAP; Lori Feldman-Winter, MD, MPH, FAAP; Michael Goodstein, MD, FAAP; Fern R. Hauck, MD, MS, FAAP

Emalee Flaherty, MD; Lori Legano, MD; Sheila Idzerda, MD; COUNCIL ON CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT; Andrew P. Sirotnak, MD; Ann E. Budzak, MD; Amy R. Gavril, MD; Suzanne B. Haney, MD; Antoinette “Toni” Laskey, MD; Stephen A. Messner, MD; Rebecca L. Moles, MD; Vincent J. Palsuci, MD

Robert D. Sege, MD; Benjamin S. Siegel, MD; COUNCIL ON CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT; COMMITTEE ON PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS OF CHILD AND FAMILY HEALTH; Emalee G. Flaherty, MD; Amy R. Gavril, MD; Sheila M. Idzerda, MD; Antoinette “Toni” Laskey, MD; Lori Anne Legano, MD; John M. Leventhal, MD; James Louis Lukefahr, MD; Michael W. Yogman, MD; Rebecca Baum, MD; Thresia B. Gambon, MD; Arthur Lavin, MD; Gerri Mattson, MD; Raul Montiel-Esparza, MD; Lawrence Sagin Wissow, MD

Cindy W. Christian, MD, FAAP; Alex V. Levin, MD, MHSc, FAAO, FRCSC, FAAP; COUNCIL ON CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT; Emalee G. Flaherty, MD, FAAP; Andrew P. Sirotnak, MD, FAAP; Ann E. Budzak, MD, FAAP; Amy R. Gavril, MD, MSCI, FAAP; Suzanne Breen Haney, MD, FAAP; Sheila M. Idzerda, MD, FAAP; Antoinette Laskey, MD, MPH, MBA, FAAP; Lori A. Legano, MD, FAAP; Stephen A. Messner, MD, FAAP; Rebecca L. Moles, MD, FAAP; Vincent J. Palusci, MD, MS, FAAP; Beverly Fortson, PhD; Sara Lark Harmon, MD; Harriet MacMillan, MD; Elaine Stedt, MSW; Tammy Piazza Hurley; SECTION ON OPHTHALMOLOGY; Daniel J. Karr, MD, FAAP; Geoffrey E. Bradford, MD, MS, FAAP; Sharon Lehman, MD, FAAP; Kanwal Nischal, MD, FAAP; John Denis Roarty, MD, FAAP; Steven E. Rubin, MD, FAAP; Donny Won Suh, MD, FAAP; Gregg T. Lueder, MD, FAAP; Sarah MacKinnon, MSc, OC(C), COMT; Christie L. Morse, MD, FAAP; Pamela Erskine Williams, MD, FAAP; Cindy W. Christian, MD, FAAP; Alex V. Levin, MD, MHSc, FAAO FRCSC, FAAP; Jennifer Riefe; AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CERTIFIED ORTHOPTISTS; AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR PEDIATRIC OPHTHALMOLOGY AND STRABISMUS; AMERICAN ACADEMY OF OPHTHALMOLOGY

Jordan Greenbaum, MD; Nia Bodrick, MD; COMMITTEE ON CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT; SECTION ON INTERNATIONAL CHILD HEALTH; Emalee G. Flaherty, MD; Sheila M. Idzerda, MD; Antoinette “Toni” Laskey, MD; Lori Anne Legano, MD; John M. Leventhal, MD; Amy R. Gavril, MD; Parminder S. Suchdev, MD; Kevin Joseph Chan, MD; Cynthia Ruth Howard, MD; Patrick T. McGann, MD; Nicole Erin St. Clair, MD; Katherine Yun, MD

Robert D. Sege, MD; Lisa Amaya-Jackson, MD; AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect, Council on Foster Care, Adoption, and Kinship Care; AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY Committee on Child Maltreatment and Violence; NATIONAL CENTER FOR CHILD TRAUMATIC STRESS; Emalee G. Flaherty, MD; Sheila M. Idzerda, MD; Lori A. Legano, MD; John M. Leventhal, MD; James L. Lukefahr, MD; Robert D. Sege, MD

Jordan Greenbaum, MD; James E. Crawford-Jakubiak, MD; COMMITTEE ON CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT; Cindy W. Christian, MD; James E. Crawford-Jakubiak, MD; Emalee G. Flaherty, MD; John M. Leventhal, MD; James L. Lukefahr, MD; Robert D. Sege, MD