Characteristics of Included Reviews
| Domain . | Intervention . | Review name . | Designs . | Network Meta-analysis . | Year of Search . | No Studies . | No Infants . | Countries . | Setting . | Type of Participants . | Interventions . | Comparisons . | Outcomes . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thermal care | KMC | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Human milk feeding | Mother's own milk | Brown, et al 201914 | RCTs only | No | 2018 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Any preterm or LBW | Mother's own milk | 0 | 0 |
| Donor human milk | Quigley, et al 201915 | RCTs only | No | 2019 | 12 | 1879 | HIC | Hospitalized infants only | Any preterm or LBW | Donor | Formula | All critical outcomes | |
| Fortification of human milk | Multi component fortifier | Brown, et al 202016 | RCTs only | No | 2019 | 18 | 1456 | HIC, MIC | Hospitalized infants only | Any preterm or LBW | Fortification | None | All critical outcomes |
| Formula feeding | Formula milk | Walsh, et al 201917 | RCTs only | No | 2018 | 7 | 590 | HIC, MIC | Hospitalized infants only | Any preterm or LBW | Formula | None | All critical outcomes |
| Feeding mechanisms | Early initiation | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Responsive feeding | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Advancement | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| EBF duration | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Micronutrients | Iron | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Zinc | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Vitamin D | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Vitamin A | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Calcium and phosphorous | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Multiple micronutrients | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Probiotics | Probiotics | Chi, et al 202119 | RCTs only | Yes | 2020 | 45 | 12320 | HIC, MIC, LIC | Hospitalized infants only | Any preterm or LBW | Probiotics | None, placebo, or different probiotic | All critical outcomes |
| Skin care | Emollients | Cleminson, et al 202118 | RCTs only | No | 2021 | 22 | 5578 | HIC, MIC | Hospitalized infants only | Any preterm or LBW | Emollient | Usual care | All critical outcomes |
| Respiratory support | CPAP any | Ho, et al 202020 | RCTs only | No | 2020 | 4 | 119 | HIC | Hospitalized infants only | Any preterm or LBW | CPAP any | No CPAP | All critical outcomes |
| CPAP early | Ho, et al 202021 | RCTs only | No | 2020 | 5 | 322 | HIC, MIC | Hospitalized infants only | Any preterm or LBW | CPAP early | Usual care, none or placebo | All critical outcomes | |
| CPAP prophylactic | Subramaniam, et al 202122 | RCTs only | No | 2020 | 8 | 3201 | HIC, MIC | Hospitalized infants only | Any preterm or LBW | CPAP prophylactic | Usual care, none or placebo | All critical outcomes | |
| CPAP pressure source | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Methyl xanthines | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Family | Family involvement | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Family support | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Domain . | Intervention . | Review name . | Designs . | Network Meta-analysis . | Year of Search . | No Studies . | No Infants . | Countries . | Setting . | Type of Participants . | Interventions . | Comparisons . | Outcomes . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thermal care | KMC | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Human milk feeding | Mother's own milk | Brown, et al 201914 | RCTs only | No | 2018 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Any preterm or LBW | Mother's own milk | 0 | 0 |
| Donor human milk | Quigley, et al 201915 | RCTs only | No | 2019 | 12 | 1879 | HIC | Hospitalized infants only | Any preterm or LBW | Donor | Formula | All critical outcomes | |
| Fortification of human milk | Multi component fortifier | Brown, et al 202016 | RCTs only | No | 2019 | 18 | 1456 | HIC, MIC | Hospitalized infants only | Any preterm or LBW | Fortification | None | All critical outcomes |
| Formula feeding | Formula milk | Walsh, et al 201917 | RCTs only | No | 2018 | 7 | 590 | HIC, MIC | Hospitalized infants only | Any preterm or LBW | Formula | None | All critical outcomes |
| Feeding mechanisms | Early initiation | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Responsive feeding | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Advancement | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| EBF duration | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Micronutrients | Iron | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Zinc | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Vitamin D | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Vitamin A | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Calcium and phosphorous | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Multiple micronutrients | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Probiotics | Probiotics | Chi, et al 202119 | RCTs only | Yes | 2020 | 45 | 12320 | HIC, MIC, LIC | Hospitalized infants only | Any preterm or LBW | Probiotics | None, placebo, or different probiotic | All critical outcomes |
| Skin care | Emollients | Cleminson, et al 202118 | RCTs only | No | 2021 | 22 | 5578 | HIC, MIC | Hospitalized infants only | Any preterm or LBW | Emollient | Usual care | All critical outcomes |
| Respiratory support | CPAP any | Ho, et al 202020 | RCTs only | No | 2020 | 4 | 119 | HIC | Hospitalized infants only | Any preterm or LBW | CPAP any | No CPAP | All critical outcomes |
| CPAP early | Ho, et al 202021 | RCTs only | No | 2020 | 5 | 322 | HIC, MIC | Hospitalized infants only | Any preterm or LBW | CPAP early | Usual care, none or placebo | All critical outcomes | |
| CPAP prophylactic | Subramaniam, et al 202122 | RCTs only | No | 2020 | 8 | 3201 | HIC, MIC | Hospitalized infants only | Any preterm or LBW | CPAP prophylactic | Usual care, none or placebo | All critical outcomes | |
| CPAP pressure source | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Methyl xanthines | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Family | Family involvement | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Family support | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
—, no data available; HIC, high income country; LIC, low income country; MIC, middle income country; RCTs, randomized control trials.