TABLE 32

Prevalence of Asthma (n = 26)

First AuthorCountryAges (y)NDefinition of AbnormalSubgroup (eg, M/F)TotalHealthyOverweightClass IClass IIClass IIIPNotesWeight DefinitionsPopulation Info
Guibas Greece 2–5, 9–13 1622 Physician diagnosis 2–5 y 10.5 1.0 OR = 1.29 OR = 1.54   NS    
   2015 Physician diagnosis 9–13 y 13.5 OR = 1.0 OR = 1.45 OR = 1.69   <.05    
Gilliland US 7–18 3792 Physician diagnosis Males  IR = 20.0/1000 IR = 25.2/1000 IR = 36.6/1000       
    Physician diagnosis Females  25.2/1000 34.5/1000 25.6/1000       
Black US 6–19 623358 Incident physician diagnosis  IR 18.1/1000 1 aHR = 1.16 aHR = 1.23 aHR = 1.37  <.001   Kaiser 
Bibi Israel 2nd grade 5984 Parent report of physician diagnosis Males  7  14.6   <.001    
     Females  5.8  10.1   <.05    
Vasquez-Nava Mexico 4–5 1160 Parent report of diagnosis   4.7% 7.3% 5.4%   NR    
Wickens New Zealand 11–12 3052 Parent report ever asthma   OR: 1.0 (ref) OR: 1.08 OR: 1.39   .08    
Saha US 5–18 2544 Physician diagnosis Males  23% 22.8% 31.9%   <.001    
     Females  12.6% 21.8% 21.3%   <.001    
Noonan US 9–22 1852 Parent report current asthma  9.5% 7.1 12.1 11.6   <.05   Northern Plains American Indian patients 
Sybilski Poland 6–7, 13–14 4510 Physician diagnosis 6–7 y 11.44 1.00 (ref) OR = 1.99 OR = 2.17   <.05    
   4721  13–14 y 11.36 1.00 (ref) OR = 1.43 OR = 0.57   NS    
Lu US 12–19 4828 Parent report current asthma Males 6.5% aOR = 1.0 aOR = 0.90    NS   NHANES sample 
     Females 8.5% aOR = 1.0 aOR = 1.73    <.05    
James Australia 4–6 18999 Parent report current asthma  13.11% OR = 1.0 1.29 1.29   <.05    
Black US 6–19 681122 Physician diagnosis  10.9 1.00 (ref) 1.220 1.367 1.682  <.001   Kaiser 
Bedolla-Barajas Mexico 15–18 1600 Incidence of asthma   7.5 9.7 6.5   NS    
Alvarez-Zallo Spain 6–7, 13–14 3360 Parent report ever asthma 6–7 y 9.8 OR = 1.0 OR = 1.14 OR = 2.29   <.05 OB    
   5247  13–14 y 10.4 OR = 1.0 OR = 1.14 OR = 1.18   NS    
Akinbami US 2–19 9437 Parent report current asthma NHANES 1998–1994 7.3 6.3 8.4 13.4   .03   1988–1994 
   6112  NHANES 2011–2014 10.9 10.3 8.2 15.7   .001   2011–2014 sample 
Tai Australia 4–5 1509 Parent report current asthma Males  19.2 29.9 37.1   .005    
     Females  15.3 15.2 37.5   <.001    
Yoo Korea 15–17 717 Parent report current asthma Males  6.9% 9.5%    .285    
     Females  3.7% 3.6%    .973    
Kwon US 2–11 853 Parent-report asthma diagnosis plus self-report Males  19.1 24.3 34.8   .014   Black and Hispanic patients 
     Females  16.4 33.3 27.3   .005    
Musaad US 5–18 1123 Moderate or severe physician diagnosis   38.17 40.69    NS  HW: 25th–85th  
Cibella Italy 10–16 708 Self-report asthma  11.9 10.3 21.0    .0008    
Akinbami US 2–19 40644 Parent report  7.1–10.3 (across years) 1.0 1.2 1.7      NHANES 1988-2014 
Karachaliou Greece   Parent report of any asthma symptoms   29.7 33.2    <.001   Schools 
Kelly UK 5–8 9443 Diagnosis (3 y following BMI)   1.0 (ref)  aOR = 1.46   <.05   Population based 
Linthavong US 10 871 Physician diagnosis   34 44 55   <.05   Former extremely low gestational age neonates 
Machluf Israel 16–19 113671 Mild asthma from medical history Males  1.0 (ref)  aOR = 1.61   <.001   Military conscripts 
     Females  1.0 (ref)  aOR = 1.54   <.05   Military conscripts 
Machluf Israel 16–19 113671 Moderate-severe asthma from medical history Males  1.0 (ref)  aOR = 1.63   <.001   Military conscripts 
     Females  1.0 (ref) aOR = 1.21 aOR = 1.54   <.05   Military conscripts 
Silverio US 2–17 421 ICD-10   26.7  27.8   .79   Family medicine clinic patients 
First AuthorCountryAges (y)NDefinition of AbnormalSubgroup (eg, M/F)TotalHealthyOverweightClass IClass IIClass IIIPNotesWeight DefinitionsPopulation Info
Guibas Greece 2–5, 9–13 1622 Physician diagnosis 2–5 y 10.5 1.0 OR = 1.29 OR = 1.54   NS    
   2015 Physician diagnosis 9–13 y 13.5 OR = 1.0 OR = 1.45 OR = 1.69   <.05    
Gilliland US 7–18 3792 Physician diagnosis Males  IR = 20.0/1000 IR = 25.2/1000 IR = 36.6/1000       
    Physician diagnosis Females  25.2/1000 34.5/1000 25.6/1000       
Black US 6–19 623358 Incident physician diagnosis  IR 18.1/1000 1 aHR = 1.16 aHR = 1.23 aHR = 1.37  <.001   Kaiser 
Bibi Israel 2nd grade 5984 Parent report of physician diagnosis Males  7  14.6   <.001    
     Females  5.8  10.1   <.05    
Vasquez-Nava Mexico 4–5 1160 Parent report of diagnosis   4.7% 7.3% 5.4%   NR    
Wickens New Zealand 11–12 3052 Parent report ever asthma   OR: 1.0 (ref) OR: 1.08 OR: 1.39   .08    
Saha US 5–18 2544 Physician diagnosis Males  23% 22.8% 31.9%   <.001    
     Females  12.6% 21.8% 21.3%   <.001    
Noonan US 9–22 1852 Parent report current asthma  9.5% 7.1 12.1 11.6   <.05   Northern Plains American Indian patients 
Sybilski Poland 6–7, 13–14 4510 Physician diagnosis 6–7 y 11.44 1.00 (ref) OR = 1.99 OR = 2.17   <.05    
   4721  13–14 y 11.36 1.00 (ref) OR = 1.43 OR = 0.57   NS    
Lu US 12–19 4828 Parent report current asthma Males 6.5% aOR = 1.0 aOR = 0.90    NS   NHANES sample 
     Females 8.5% aOR = 1.0 aOR = 1.73    <.05    
James Australia 4–6 18999 Parent report current asthma  13.11% OR = 1.0 1.29 1.29   <.05    
Black US 6–19 681122 Physician diagnosis  10.9 1.00 (ref) 1.220 1.367 1.682  <.001   Kaiser 
Bedolla-Barajas Mexico 15–18 1600 Incidence of asthma   7.5 9.7 6.5   NS    
Alvarez-Zallo Spain 6–7, 13–14 3360 Parent report ever asthma 6–7 y 9.8 OR = 1.0 OR = 1.14 OR = 2.29   <.05 OB    
   5247  13–14 y 10.4 OR = 1.0 OR = 1.14 OR = 1.18   NS    
Akinbami US 2–19 9437 Parent report current asthma NHANES 1998–1994 7.3 6.3 8.4 13.4   .03   1988–1994 
   6112  NHANES 2011–2014 10.9 10.3 8.2 15.7   .001   2011–2014 sample 
Tai Australia 4–5 1509 Parent report current asthma Males  19.2 29.9 37.1   .005    
     Females  15.3 15.2 37.5   <.001    
Yoo Korea 15–17 717 Parent report current asthma Males  6.9% 9.5%    .285    
     Females  3.7% 3.6%    .973    
Kwon US 2–11 853 Parent-report asthma diagnosis plus self-report Males  19.1 24.3 34.8   .014   Black and Hispanic patients 
     Females  16.4 33.3 27.3   .005    
Musaad US 5–18 1123 Moderate or severe physician diagnosis   38.17 40.69    NS  HW: 25th–85th  
Cibella Italy 10–16 708 Self-report asthma  11.9 10.3 21.0    .0008    
Akinbami US 2–19 40644 Parent report  7.1–10.3 (across years) 1.0 1.2 1.7      NHANES 1988-2014 
Karachaliou Greece   Parent report of any asthma symptoms   29.7 33.2    <.001   Schools 
Kelly UK 5–8 9443 Diagnosis (3 y following BMI)   1.0 (ref)  aOR = 1.46   <.05   Population based 
Linthavong US 10 871 Physician diagnosis   34 44 55   <.05   Former extremely low gestational age neonates 
Machluf Israel 16–19 113671 Mild asthma from medical history Males  1.0 (ref)  aOR = 1.61   <.001   Military conscripts 
     Females  1.0 (ref)  aOR = 1.54   <.05   Military conscripts 
Machluf Israel 16–19 113671 Moderate-severe asthma from medical history Males  1.0 (ref)  aOR = 1.63   <.001   Military conscripts 
     Females  1.0 (ref) aOR = 1.21 aOR = 1.54   <.05   Military conscripts 
Silverio US 2–17 421 ICD-10   26.7  27.8   .79   Family medicine clinic patients 

aHR, adjusted hazard ratio; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; HW, healthy weight; IR, incidence rate; NR, not reported; NS, not significant; OB, obese; OR, odds ratio.

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