Definitions of Select Covariates
| Category . | Covariate . | Definition . |
|---|---|---|
| Participant characteristics | Prematurity | Gestational age <37 wk |
| Comorbidities | Congestive heart failure, chronic lung disease, immunodeficiency, malignancy, diabetes mellitus, HIV, sickle cell disease, chronic neurologic problems | |
| Family history | History of kidney disease, nephrolithiasis, genitourinary tract anomalies, and VUR in an immediate family member | |
| Illness characteristics | Uropathogen | E coli or non–E coli |
| Common contaminants were excludeda | ||
| Pediatric SIRS | ≥2 criteria, but 1 criterion must be abnormal temperature or leukocyte count | |
| Four criteria | ||
| Temperature >38.5°C or <36.0°C | ||
| Tachycardia or bradycardia by using age-specific parameters | ||
| Tachypnea or initiation of mechanical ventilation | ||
| Abnormal leukocyte count or >10% bands | ||
| Bacteremia | Growth of any bloodborne pathogen | |
| Contaminants were excludedb | ||
| PNUS characteristics | PNUS result | General result of last PNUS performed in pregnancy by caregiver report; classified as either normal or abnormal |
| PNUS genitourinary abnormalities | Of those with abnormal PNUS, abnormalities specifically related to the kidney, ureter, or bladder by caregiver report |
| Category . | Covariate . | Definition . |
|---|---|---|
| Participant characteristics | Prematurity | Gestational age <37 wk |
| Comorbidities | Congestive heart failure, chronic lung disease, immunodeficiency, malignancy, diabetes mellitus, HIV, sickle cell disease, chronic neurologic problems | |
| Family history | History of kidney disease, nephrolithiasis, genitourinary tract anomalies, and VUR in an immediate family member | |
| Illness characteristics | Uropathogen | E coli or non–E coli |
| Common contaminants were excludeda | ||
| Pediatric SIRS | ≥2 criteria, but 1 criterion must be abnormal temperature or leukocyte count | |
| Four criteria | ||
| Temperature >38.5°C or <36.0°C | ||
| Tachycardia or bradycardia by using age-specific parameters | ||
| Tachypnea or initiation of mechanical ventilation | ||
| Abnormal leukocyte count or >10% bands | ||
| Bacteremia | Growth of any bloodborne pathogen | |
| Contaminants were excludedb | ||
| PNUS characteristics | PNUS result | General result of last PNUS performed in pregnancy by caregiver report; classified as either normal or abnormal |
| PNUS genitourinary abnormalities | Of those with abnormal PNUS, abnormalities specifically related to the kidney, ureter, or bladder by caregiver report |
Contaminants on urine culture: coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Lactobacillus, Micrococcus, Diphtheroids, and Bacillus species.20
Contaminants on blood culture: coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, viridans group Streptococcus or α Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, and Bacillus were considered contaminants.22