American Academy of Pediatrics Joint Committee on Infant Hearing Year 2007 Position Statement3 : Risk Indicators Associated With Permanent Congenital, Delayed-Onset, and/or Progressive Hearing Loss in Childhood
| 1 | Caregiver concerna regarding hearing, speech, language, or developmental delay. |
| 2 | Family historya of permanent childhood hearing loss. |
| 3 | Neonatal intensive care of more than 5 days or any of the following regardless of length of stay: ECMOa, assisted ventilation, exposure to ototoxic medications (gentamicin and tobramycin) or loop diuretics (furosemide/Lasix), and hyperbilirubinemia19 that requires exchange transfusion. |
| 4 | In utero infections such as CMVa, herpes, rubella, syphilis, and toxoplasmosis. |
| 5 | Craniofacial anomalies, including those that involve the pinna, ear canal, ear tags, ear pits, and temporal bone anomalies. |
| 6 | Physical findings, such as white forelock, that are associated with a syndrome known to include a sensorineural or permanent conductive hearing loss. |
| 7 | Syndromes associated with hearing loss or progressive or late-onset hearing lossa, such as neurofibromatosis, osteopetrosis, and Usher syndrome; other frequently identified syndromes include Waardenburg, Alport, Pendred, and Jervell and Lange-Nielson. |
| 8 | Neurodegenerative disordersa, such as Hunter syndrome, or sensory motor neuropathies, such as Friedreich ataxia and Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome. |
| 9 | Culture-positive postnatal infections associated with sensorineural hearing lossa, including confirmed bacterial and viral (especially herpes viruses and varicella) meningitis. |
| 10 | Head trauma, especially basal skull/temporal bone fracturea that requires hospitalization. |
| 11 | Chemotherapya. |
| 12 | Recurrent or persistent otitis media for at least 3 months. |
| 1 | Caregiver concerna regarding hearing, speech, language, or developmental delay. |
| 2 | Family historya of permanent childhood hearing loss. |
| 3 | Neonatal intensive care of more than 5 days or any of the following regardless of length of stay: ECMOa, assisted ventilation, exposure to ototoxic medications (gentamicin and tobramycin) or loop diuretics (furosemide/Lasix), and hyperbilirubinemia19 that requires exchange transfusion. |
| 4 | In utero infections such as CMVa, herpes, rubella, syphilis, and toxoplasmosis. |
| 5 | Craniofacial anomalies, including those that involve the pinna, ear canal, ear tags, ear pits, and temporal bone anomalies. |
| 6 | Physical findings, such as white forelock, that are associated with a syndrome known to include a sensorineural or permanent conductive hearing loss. |
| 7 | Syndromes associated with hearing loss or progressive or late-onset hearing lossa, such as neurofibromatosis, osteopetrosis, and Usher syndrome; other frequently identified syndromes include Waardenburg, Alport, Pendred, and Jervell and Lange-Nielson. |
| 8 | Neurodegenerative disordersa, such as Hunter syndrome, or sensory motor neuropathies, such as Friedreich ataxia and Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome. |
| 9 | Culture-positive postnatal infections associated with sensorineural hearing lossa, including confirmed bacterial and viral (especially herpes viruses and varicella) meningitis. |
| 10 | Head trauma, especially basal skull/temporal bone fracturea that requires hospitalization. |
| 11 | Chemotherapya. |
| 12 | Recurrent or persistent otitis media for at least 3 months. |
Risk indicators that are marked with
are of greater concern for delayed onset hearing loss. ECMO indicates extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; CMV, cytomegalovirus.
Reproduced with permission from: American Academy of Pediatrics, Joint Committee on Infant Hearing. Pediatrics. 2007;120(4):898–921.