Characteristics of Children at the Time of Filling of Study Opioid Prescriptions
| . | Age, y . | All . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2–5 . | 6–11 . | 12–17 . | ||
| Prescriptions, n | 269 602 | 377 823 | 715 078 | 1 362 503 |
| Female patient | 45.4% | 48.5% | 56.4% | 52.0% |
| Disability enrollment | 3.5% | 6.1% | 7.8% | 6.5% |
| Medical care | ||||
| Hospitalized in past y | 9.9% | 7.8% | 14.1% | 11.5% |
| Hospitalized in past 30 d | 4.4% | 4.1% | 6.6% | 5.4% |
| Opioid indication | ||||
| Indication found | 84.9% | 84.7% | 85.4% | 85.1% |
| Dental | 24.7% | 32.7% | 32.6% | 31.1% |
| Outpatient procedure and/or surgery | 41.0% | 26.4% | 18.4% | 25.1% |
| Trauma | 9.2% | 17.1% | 21.9% | 18.1% |
| Infection | 23.7% | 19.2% | 12.3% | 16.5% |
| Ear, nose, throat, and/or upper respiratory infection | 12.8% | 11.4% | 6.4% | 9.0% |
| Bronchitis | 8.3% | 5.6% | 2.7% | 4.6% |
| Other infection | 2.7% | 2.3% | 3.2% | 2.9% |
| Other paina | 1.3% | 4.6% | 14.8% | 9.3% |
| Indication not found | 15.2% | 15.3% | 14.6% | 14.9% |
| Opioid exposure duration and dose; median (IQR) | ||||
| Current use (d) | 4 (2–6) | 3 (2–5) | 3 (2–5) | 3 (2–5) |
| Prescription exposure period (d) | 18 (15–20) | 17 (16–19) | 17 (16–19) | 17 (16–19) |
| Dose (morphine equivalents) mg/kg per d | 0.62 (0.41–0.90) | 0.52 (0.33–0.82) | 0.55 (0.37–0.82) | 0.55 (0.38–0.84) |
| Specific opioid | ||||
| Hydrocodone | 26.1% | 31.5% | 53.7% | 42.1% |
| Codeine | 61.9% | 56.9% | 23.3% | 40.2% |
| Meperidine | 10.8% | 8.7% | 1.3% | 5.2% |
| Oxycodone | 0.4% | 0.7% | 8.2% | 4.6% |
| Tramadol | 0.1% | 0.4% | 5.3% | 2.9% |
| Other opioid and/or multiple opioidsb | 0.9% | 1.9% | 8.4% | 5.1% |
| . | Age, y . | All . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2–5 . | 6–11 . | 12–17 . | ||
| Prescriptions, n | 269 602 | 377 823 | 715 078 | 1 362 503 |
| Female patient | 45.4% | 48.5% | 56.4% | 52.0% |
| Disability enrollment | 3.5% | 6.1% | 7.8% | 6.5% |
| Medical care | ||||
| Hospitalized in past y | 9.9% | 7.8% | 14.1% | 11.5% |
| Hospitalized in past 30 d | 4.4% | 4.1% | 6.6% | 5.4% |
| Opioid indication | ||||
| Indication found | 84.9% | 84.7% | 85.4% | 85.1% |
| Dental | 24.7% | 32.7% | 32.6% | 31.1% |
| Outpatient procedure and/or surgery | 41.0% | 26.4% | 18.4% | 25.1% |
| Trauma | 9.2% | 17.1% | 21.9% | 18.1% |
| Infection | 23.7% | 19.2% | 12.3% | 16.5% |
| Ear, nose, throat, and/or upper respiratory infection | 12.8% | 11.4% | 6.4% | 9.0% |
| Bronchitis | 8.3% | 5.6% | 2.7% | 4.6% |
| Other infection | 2.7% | 2.3% | 3.2% | 2.9% |
| Other paina | 1.3% | 4.6% | 14.8% | 9.3% |
| Indication not found | 15.2% | 15.3% | 14.6% | 14.9% |
| Opioid exposure duration and dose; median (IQR) | ||||
| Current use (d) | 4 (2–6) | 3 (2–5) | 3 (2–5) | 3 (2–5) |
| Prescription exposure period (d) | 18 (15–20) | 17 (16–19) | 17 (16–19) | 17 (16–19) |
| Dose (morphine equivalents) mg/kg per d | 0.62 (0.41–0.90) | 0.52 (0.33–0.82) | 0.55 (0.37–0.82) | 0.55 (0.38–0.84) |
| Specific opioid | ||||
| Hydrocodone | 26.1% | 31.5% | 53.7% | 42.1% |
| Codeine | 61.9% | 56.9% | 23.3% | 40.2% |
| Meperidine | 10.8% | 8.7% | 1.3% | 5.2% |
| Oxycodone | 0.4% | 0.7% | 8.2% | 4.6% |
| Tramadol | 0.1% | 0.4% | 5.3% | 2.9% |
| Other opioid and/or multiple opioidsb | 0.9% | 1.9% | 8.4% | 5.1% |
Includes prescriptions filled from 1999 to 2014. IQR, interquartile range.
Other pain includes headaches and other neurologic, back, musculoskeletal, or abdominal pain.
Includes propoxyphene (4.2% of all prescriptions) and other or multiple opioids prescribed on the same d (0.9% of all prescriptions).