Proportion of US Middle and High School Students Who Reported Ever and Current Use of Hookah as Well as the Proportion Who Overestimated Hookah Use Among Their Peers, NYTS 2016
| . | N . | Ever Use of Hookah,a % (95% CI) . | Current Use of Hookah,b % (95% CI) . | Overestimation of Peer Hookah Use,c % (95% CI) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 20 675 | 10.5 (10.0–11.0) | 3.6 (3.3–3.9) | 59.3 (58.4–60.2) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 10 438 | 10.1 (9.4–10.9) | 3.5 (3.0–3.9) | 51.5 (50.2–52.7) |
| Female | 10 082 | 10.9 (10.1–11.7) | 3.8 (3.3–4.2) | 67.2 (65.9–68.4) |
| Grade | ||||
| Sixth | 3235 | 2.6 (1.9–3.4) | 1.2 (0.7–1.6) | 32.0 (29.7–34.3) |
| Seventh | 3249 | 4.7 (3.7–5.7) | 2.5 (1.6–3.3) | 42.3 (40.0–44.5) |
| Eighth | 3174 | 6.5 (5.5–7.6) | 2.4 (1.7–3.0) | 53.2 (50.8–55.5) |
| Ninth | 2741 | 8.0 (6.9–9.2) | 3.0 (2.3–3.7) | 75.5 (73.5–77.5) |
| 10th | 2809 | 13.4 (11.8–15.0) | 4.5 (3.5–5.5) | 81.5 (79.8–83.3) |
| 11th | 2674 | 17.6 (15.9–19.3) | 5.0 (4.0–6.0) | 65.4 (63.2–67.6) |
| 12th | 2673 | 22.7 (20.7–24.7) | 7.2 (5.9–8.4) | 66.4 (64.1–68.7) |
| School | ||||
| Middle | 9658 | 4.6 (4.1–5.2) | 2.0 (1.6–2.4) | 42.5 (41.2–43.8) |
| High | 10 897 | 15.1 (14.3–15.9) | 4.8 (4.3–5.3) | 72.6 (71.5–73.6) |
| Race and/or ethnicity | ||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 8141 | 9.3 (8.5–10.0) | 2.9 (2.5–3.4) | 55.5 (54.2–56.9) |
| African American, non-Hispanic | 3050 | 9.6 (8.3–10.8) | 3.5 (2.7–4.4) | 63.5 (61.3–65.7) |
| Asian American, non-Hispanic | 1036 | 4.5 (3.1–5.9) | — | 48.3 (44.5–52.2) |
| Hispanic | 5793 | 14.4 (13.2–15.5) | 5.3 (4.6–6.1) | 67.5 (65.9–69.1) |
| Other, non-Hispanic | 1654 | 12.8 (10.4–15.1) | 4.8 (3.3–6.3) | 62.4 (59.1–65.7) |
| Hookah use statusd | ||||
| Never | 17 562 | — | — | 56.2 (55.3–57.2) |
| Former | 1395 | — | — | 83.0 (80.4–85.6) |
| Occasional current | 564 | — | — | 90.0 (88.1–92.4) |
| Frequent current | 199 | — | — | 96.3 (93.9–98.7) |
| Nonhookah tobacco product usee | ||||
| Never | 13 287 | 1.7 (1.5–1.9) | 0.4 (0.3–0.6) | 53.8 (52.7–54.8) |
| Former | 3627 | 20.8 (19.1–22.5) | 4.6 (3.7–5.5) | 69.6 (67.6–71.6) |
| Current | 2244 | 41.5 (38.9–44.0) | 18.2 (16.2–20.1) | 73.3 (70.9–75.7) |
| Year(s) since first hookah usef | ||||
| Never | 17 846 | — | — | 56.1 (55.2–57.1) |
| <1 | 403 | — | 39.6 (33.7–45.6) | 91.4 (87.9–95.0) |
| 1 | 695 | — | 31.6 (27.2–36.0) | 88.7 (85.5–91.9) |
| 2+ | 853 | — | 28.1 (23.0–33.2) | 83.7 (80.2–87.1) |
| Tobacco use by household member | ||||
| None | 13 569 | 7.4 (6.8–7.9) | 2.3 (2.0–2.6) | 56.9 (55.9–58.0) |
| Hookah (alone or with other products) | 440 | 52.2 (46.1–58.4) | 35.7 (29.6–41.7) | 86.4 (82.4–90.5) |
| Nonhookah onlyg | 6666 | 14.2 (13.2–15.3) | 4.4 (3.7–5.0) | 62.1 (60.6–63.6) |
| Do you speak a language other than English at home? | ||||
| No | 13 165 | 9.2 (8.6–9.8) | 2.9 (2.5–3.3) | 57.3 (56.2–58.4) |
| Yes | 6516 | 13.2 (12.2–14.3) | 5.0 (4.3–5.7) | 64.6 (63.1–66.1) |
| . | N . | Ever Use of Hookah,a % (95% CI) . | Current Use of Hookah,b % (95% CI) . | Overestimation of Peer Hookah Use,c % (95% CI) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 20 675 | 10.5 (10.0–11.0) | 3.6 (3.3–3.9) | 59.3 (58.4–60.2) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 10 438 | 10.1 (9.4–10.9) | 3.5 (3.0–3.9) | 51.5 (50.2–52.7) |
| Female | 10 082 | 10.9 (10.1–11.7) | 3.8 (3.3–4.2) | 67.2 (65.9–68.4) |
| Grade | ||||
| Sixth | 3235 | 2.6 (1.9–3.4) | 1.2 (0.7–1.6) | 32.0 (29.7–34.3) |
| Seventh | 3249 | 4.7 (3.7–5.7) | 2.5 (1.6–3.3) | 42.3 (40.0–44.5) |
| Eighth | 3174 | 6.5 (5.5–7.6) | 2.4 (1.7–3.0) | 53.2 (50.8–55.5) |
| Ninth | 2741 | 8.0 (6.9–9.2) | 3.0 (2.3–3.7) | 75.5 (73.5–77.5) |
| 10th | 2809 | 13.4 (11.8–15.0) | 4.5 (3.5–5.5) | 81.5 (79.8–83.3) |
| 11th | 2674 | 17.6 (15.9–19.3) | 5.0 (4.0–6.0) | 65.4 (63.2–67.6) |
| 12th | 2673 | 22.7 (20.7–24.7) | 7.2 (5.9–8.4) | 66.4 (64.1–68.7) |
| School | ||||
| Middle | 9658 | 4.6 (4.1–5.2) | 2.0 (1.6–2.4) | 42.5 (41.2–43.8) |
| High | 10 897 | 15.1 (14.3–15.9) | 4.8 (4.3–5.3) | 72.6 (71.5–73.6) |
| Race and/or ethnicity | ||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 8141 | 9.3 (8.5–10.0) | 2.9 (2.5–3.4) | 55.5 (54.2–56.9) |
| African American, non-Hispanic | 3050 | 9.6 (8.3–10.8) | 3.5 (2.7–4.4) | 63.5 (61.3–65.7) |
| Asian American, non-Hispanic | 1036 | 4.5 (3.1–5.9) | — | 48.3 (44.5–52.2) |
| Hispanic | 5793 | 14.4 (13.2–15.5) | 5.3 (4.6–6.1) | 67.5 (65.9–69.1) |
| Other, non-Hispanic | 1654 | 12.8 (10.4–15.1) | 4.8 (3.3–6.3) | 62.4 (59.1–65.7) |
| Hookah use statusd | ||||
| Never | 17 562 | — | — | 56.2 (55.3–57.2) |
| Former | 1395 | — | — | 83.0 (80.4–85.6) |
| Occasional current | 564 | — | — | 90.0 (88.1–92.4) |
| Frequent current | 199 | — | — | 96.3 (93.9–98.7) |
| Nonhookah tobacco product usee | ||||
| Never | 13 287 | 1.7 (1.5–1.9) | 0.4 (0.3–0.6) | 53.8 (52.7–54.8) |
| Former | 3627 | 20.8 (19.1–22.5) | 4.6 (3.7–5.5) | 69.6 (67.6–71.6) |
| Current | 2244 | 41.5 (38.9–44.0) | 18.2 (16.2–20.1) | 73.3 (70.9–75.7) |
| Year(s) since first hookah usef | ||||
| Never | 17 846 | — | — | 56.1 (55.2–57.1) |
| <1 | 403 | — | 39.6 (33.7–45.6) | 91.4 (87.9–95.0) |
| 1 | 695 | — | 31.6 (27.2–36.0) | 88.7 (85.5–91.9) |
| 2+ | 853 | — | 28.1 (23.0–33.2) | 83.7 (80.2–87.1) |
| Tobacco use by household member | ||||
| None | 13 569 | 7.4 (6.8–7.9) | 2.3 (2.0–2.6) | 56.9 (55.9–58.0) |
| Hookah (alone or with other products) | 440 | 52.2 (46.1–58.4) | 35.7 (29.6–41.7) | 86.4 (82.4–90.5) |
| Nonhookah onlyg | 6666 | 14.2 (13.2–15.3) | 4.4 (3.7–5.0) | 62.1 (60.6–63.6) |
| Do you speak a language other than English at home? | ||||
| No | 13 165 | 9.2 (8.6–9.8) | 2.9 (2.5–3.3) | 57.3 (56.2–58.4) |
| Yes | 6516 | 13.2 (12.2–14.3) | 5.0 (4.3–5.7) | 64.6 (63.1–66.1) |
χ2 test results were significant in all subgroups for hookah ever use, current use, and overestimation. CI, confidence interval; —, <30 persons or relative SE ≥30%.
Defined as use of hookah on at least 1 d during lifetime.
Defined as use of hookah on at least 1 d in the past 30 d.
Respondents were asked how many students in their grade they thought used hookah out of 10 (perceived prevalence). A difference score (δ) was computed to measure the gap between perceived prevalence and grade-specific actual prevalence. Respondents were then dichotomized as either overestimating (δ >0) or not overestimating (δ ≤0) peer hookah use.
Never hookah users reported never smoking hookah in their lifetime, former users last smoked hookah >30 d ago, current occasional users smoked hookah on less than one-third of the past 30 d (1–9 d), and current frequent users smoked hookah on greater than or equal to one-third of the past 30 d (10–30 d).
Assessed nonhookah products included e-cigarettes, cigarettes, bidis, roll-your-own cigarettes, cigars, pipes, and smokeless tobacco. Never users had used none of these tobacco products in their lifetime, former users last used 1 or more >30 d ago, and current users last used 1 or more ≤30 d ago.
Respondents were asked at what age they first used hookah as well as their current age. The only response option that was not a discrete number (“19 y or older”) was coded as “19” to allow for arithmetic computations. The number of y since first trying hookah was current age minus age at first trying hookah.
Assessed nonhookah product use by household members included e-cigarettes, cigarettes, bidis, cigars, pipes, and smokeless tobacco.