Characteristics of the Study Population, 2008–2015 (N = 115 856)
| Characteristic . | Total . | 2008–2011 . | 2012–2015 . |
|---|---|---|---|
| All encounters | 9 574 229 | 4 361 695 | 5 212 534 |
| SI and SA encounters | 115 856 | 35 266 (30.4) | 80 590 (69.6) |
| Percentage of all encounters classified as SI or SA | 1.21% | 0.81% | 1.55% |
| Patient type | |||
| Inpatient | 67 588 (58.3) | 21 512 (61) | 46 076 (57.2) |
| ED | 48 268 (41.7) | 13 754 (39) | 34 514 (42.8) |
| ICU | 8913 (7.7) | 3104 (8.8) | 5809 (7.2) |
| Age group | |||
| 5–11 y | 14 852 (12.8) | 4703 (13.3) | 10 149 (12.6) |
| 12–14 y | 42 844 (37) | 11 967 (33.9) | 30 877 (38.3) |
| 15–17 y | 58 160 (50.2) | 18 596 (52.7) | 39 564 (49.1) |
| Median age (IQR) | 15 (13, 16) | 15 (13, 16) | 14 (13, 16) |
| Sex | |||
| Boy | 41 239 (35.6) | 13 908 (39.4) | 27 331 (33.9) |
| Girl | 74 599 (64.4) | 21 353 (60.5) | 53 246 (66.1) |
| Race and/or ethnicity | |||
| Non-Hispanic white | 67 101 (57.9) | 19 844 (56.3) | 47 257 (58.6) |
| Non-Hispanic African American | 23 858 (20.6) | 8055 (22.8) | 15 803 (19.6) |
| Hispanic | 13 381 (11.5) | 3657 (10.4) | 9724 (12.1) |
| Other | 11 516 (9.9) | 3710 (10.5) | 7806 (9.7) |
| CCCa | 9313 (8) | 2895 (8.2) | 6418 (8) |
| Payer | |||
| Government | 59 973 (51.8) | 18 240 (51.7) | 41 733 (51.8) |
| Private | 51 034 (44) | 13 819 (39.2) | 37 215 (46.2) |
| Other | 4849 (4.2) | 3207 (9.1) | 1642 (2) |
| Median household incomeb | |||
| Quartile 1 | 27 903 (24.1) | 9289 (26.3) | 18 614 (23.1) |
| Quartile 2 | 35 358 (30.5) | 10 620 (30.1) | 24 738 (30.7) |
| Quartile 3 | 37 565 (32.4) | 10 918 (31) | 26 647 (33.1) |
| Quartile 4 | 12 885 (11.1) | 3804 (10.8) | 9081 (11.3) |
| Median distance traveled (IQR)c | 10.9 (5.6, 20.2) | 10.2 (5.4, 19.7) | 11.1 (5.7, 20.2) |
| No. and % of children traveling >20 miles | 28 950 (25) | 8644 (24.5) | 20 306 (25.2) |
| Length of stay, d | |||
| 0–1 | 62 716 (58.3) | 18 717 (53.1) | 43 999 (54.6) |
| 2–3 | 14 909 (12.9) | 4607 (13.1) | 10 302 (12.8) |
| 4–6 | 19 921 (17.2) | 5545 (15.7) | 14 376 (17.8) |
| ˃7 | 18 310 (15.8) | 6397 (18.1) | 11 913 (14.8) |
| Season | |||
| Spring | 32 807 (28.3) | 9931 (28.2) | 22 876 (28.4) |
| Summer | 21 314 (18.4) | 6613 (18.8) | 14 701 (18.2) |
| Fall | 32 593 (28.1) | 9918 (28.1) | 22 675 (28.1) |
| Winter | 29 142 (25.2) | 8804 (25) | 20 338 (25.2) |
| Characteristic . | Total . | 2008–2011 . | 2012–2015 . |
|---|---|---|---|
| All encounters | 9 574 229 | 4 361 695 | 5 212 534 |
| SI and SA encounters | 115 856 | 35 266 (30.4) | 80 590 (69.6) |
| Percentage of all encounters classified as SI or SA | 1.21% | 0.81% | 1.55% |
| Patient type | |||
| Inpatient | 67 588 (58.3) | 21 512 (61) | 46 076 (57.2) |
| ED | 48 268 (41.7) | 13 754 (39) | 34 514 (42.8) |
| ICU | 8913 (7.7) | 3104 (8.8) | 5809 (7.2) |
| Age group | |||
| 5–11 y | 14 852 (12.8) | 4703 (13.3) | 10 149 (12.6) |
| 12–14 y | 42 844 (37) | 11 967 (33.9) | 30 877 (38.3) |
| 15–17 y | 58 160 (50.2) | 18 596 (52.7) | 39 564 (49.1) |
| Median age (IQR) | 15 (13, 16) | 15 (13, 16) | 14 (13, 16) |
| Sex | |||
| Boy | 41 239 (35.6) | 13 908 (39.4) | 27 331 (33.9) |
| Girl | 74 599 (64.4) | 21 353 (60.5) | 53 246 (66.1) |
| Race and/or ethnicity | |||
| Non-Hispanic white | 67 101 (57.9) | 19 844 (56.3) | 47 257 (58.6) |
| Non-Hispanic African American | 23 858 (20.6) | 8055 (22.8) | 15 803 (19.6) |
| Hispanic | 13 381 (11.5) | 3657 (10.4) | 9724 (12.1) |
| Other | 11 516 (9.9) | 3710 (10.5) | 7806 (9.7) |
| CCCa | 9313 (8) | 2895 (8.2) | 6418 (8) |
| Payer | |||
| Government | 59 973 (51.8) | 18 240 (51.7) | 41 733 (51.8) |
| Private | 51 034 (44) | 13 819 (39.2) | 37 215 (46.2) |
| Other | 4849 (4.2) | 3207 (9.1) | 1642 (2) |
| Median household incomeb | |||
| Quartile 1 | 27 903 (24.1) | 9289 (26.3) | 18 614 (23.1) |
| Quartile 2 | 35 358 (30.5) | 10 620 (30.1) | 24 738 (30.7) |
| Quartile 3 | 37 565 (32.4) | 10 918 (31) | 26 647 (33.1) |
| Quartile 4 | 12 885 (11.1) | 3804 (10.8) | 9081 (11.3) |
| Median distance traveled (IQR)c | 10.9 (5.6, 20.2) | 10.2 (5.4, 19.7) | 11.1 (5.7, 20.2) |
| No. and % of children traveling >20 miles | 28 950 (25) | 8644 (24.5) | 20 306 (25.2) |
| Length of stay, d | |||
| 0–1 | 62 716 (58.3) | 18 717 (53.1) | 43 999 (54.6) |
| 2–3 | 14 909 (12.9) | 4607 (13.1) | 10 302 (12.8) |
| 4–6 | 19 921 (17.2) | 5545 (15.7) | 14 376 (17.8) |
| ˃7 | 18 310 (15.8) | 6397 (18.1) | 11 913 (14.8) |
| Season | |||
| Spring | 32 807 (28.3) | 9931 (28.2) | 22 876 (28.4) |
| Summer | 21 314 (18.4) | 6613 (18.8) | 14 701 (18.2) |
| Fall | 32 593 (28.1) | 9918 (28.1) | 22 675 (28.1) |
| Winter | 29 142 (25.2) | 8804 (25) | 20 338 (25.2) |
Values expressed as total number and percentage unless otherwise specified.
Ref 26.
Data missing for 2145 encounters (1.9%).
The distance traveled was calculated as the linear distance between the centroid of each patient’s residential zip code and the centroid of the hospital’s zip code.