Logistic Regression of Parent and Adolescent Characteristics on Adolescent Lifetime Use of NMPOs (2004–2012 NSDUH)
| Characteristics . | OR (95% CI), (n = 35 000) . | aOR (95% CI), (n = 35 000) . |
|---|---|---|
| Parents | ||
| Age | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) |
| Mothers (versus fathers) | 1.05 (0.93–1.19) | 1.02 (0.89–1.17) |
| Education (versus college graduate) | ||
| Some college | 1.39 (1.16–1.68)*** | 1.09 (0.89–1.34) |
| High school graduate or less | 1.64 (1.37–1.95)*** | 1.19 (0.97–1.46) |
| Marital status (versus married) | ||
| Widowed | 1.43 (0.89–2.29) | 1.42 (0.82–2.46) |
| Separated or divorced | 1.50 (1.26–1.78)*** | 1.08 (0.90–1.31) |
| Never married | 1.16 (0.94–1.42) | 0.94 (0.72–1.22) |
| Lifetime substance use (versus never) | ||
| NMPOs | 1.84 (1.58–2.15)*** | 1.30 (1.09–1.56)** |
| Smoking | 1.76 (1.51–2.05)*** | 1.24 (1.02–1.51)* |
| Alcohol | 1.63 (1.31–2.03)*** | 1.23 (0.93–1.63) |
| Marijuana | 1.65 (1.45–1.89)*** | 1.13 (0.93–1.36) |
| OIDsa | 1.76 (1.54–2.01)*** | 1.18 (0.98–1.41) |
| Perceived risk of drug useb | 0.86 (0.82–0.91)*** | 0.93 (0.87–1.00)* |
| Lifetime depression (versus never) | 1.38 (1.16–1.65)*** | 1.04 (0.85–1.26) |
| Perceived parenting by child (past 12 mo)b | ||
| Lack of monitoring | 1.59 (1.50–1.68)*** | 1.21 (1.12–1.31)*** |
| Lack of support | 1.43 (1.35–1.51)*** | 1.05 (0.98–1.12) |
| Conflict | 1.54 (1.44–1.65)*** | 1.19 (1.10–1.29)*** |
| Adolescents | ||
| Age | 1.34 (1.28–1.39)*** | 1.27 (1.21–1.34)*** |
| Boys (versus girls) | 0.92 (0.80–1.05) | 0.89 (0.76–1.03) |
| Race and/or ethnicity (versus African American) | ||
| White | 1.13 (0.92–1.39) | 1.06 (0.83–1.36) |
| Hispanic | 1.07 (0.84–1.36) | 1.08 (0.81–1.43) |
| Other | 0.83 (0.60–1.16) | 0.97 (0.67–1.40) |
| Religiosityb | 0.71 (0.67–0.76)*** | 0.92 (0.86–0.99)* |
| Initiated other drug before NMPO (versus same age, after, or did not use) | ||
| Cigarettes | 3.01 (2.64–3.43)*** | 1.37 (1.14–1.65)*** |
| Alcohol | 1.65 (1.46–1.87)*** | 0.47 (0.39–0.55)*** |
| Marijuana | 3.03 (2.63–3.50)*** | 1.25 (1.02–1.53)* |
| OIDsa | 3.66 (2.72–4.93)*** | 0.98 (0.63–1.51) |
| Perceived risk of drug useb | 0.71 (0.68–0.75)*** | 0.77 (0.72–0.82)*** |
| Perceived drug use of schoolmates (versus none or some use)c | ||
| Most or all use | 3.54 (3.04–4.11)*** | 1.71 (1.44–2.04)*** |
| Delinquency (past 12 mo)b | 1.72 (1.63–1.80)*** | 1.50 (1.42–1.59)*** |
| Lifetime depression (versus never) | 2.83 (2.43–3.29)*** | 1.62 (1.37–1.93)*** |
| Characteristics . | OR (95% CI), (n = 35 000) . | aOR (95% CI), (n = 35 000) . |
|---|---|---|
| Parents | ||
| Age | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) |
| Mothers (versus fathers) | 1.05 (0.93–1.19) | 1.02 (0.89–1.17) |
| Education (versus college graduate) | ||
| Some college | 1.39 (1.16–1.68)*** | 1.09 (0.89–1.34) |
| High school graduate or less | 1.64 (1.37–1.95)*** | 1.19 (0.97–1.46) |
| Marital status (versus married) | ||
| Widowed | 1.43 (0.89–2.29) | 1.42 (0.82–2.46) |
| Separated or divorced | 1.50 (1.26–1.78)*** | 1.08 (0.90–1.31) |
| Never married | 1.16 (0.94–1.42) | 0.94 (0.72–1.22) |
| Lifetime substance use (versus never) | ||
| NMPOs | 1.84 (1.58–2.15)*** | 1.30 (1.09–1.56)** |
| Smoking | 1.76 (1.51–2.05)*** | 1.24 (1.02–1.51)* |
| Alcohol | 1.63 (1.31–2.03)*** | 1.23 (0.93–1.63) |
| Marijuana | 1.65 (1.45–1.89)*** | 1.13 (0.93–1.36) |
| OIDsa | 1.76 (1.54–2.01)*** | 1.18 (0.98–1.41) |
| Perceived risk of drug useb | 0.86 (0.82–0.91)*** | 0.93 (0.87–1.00)* |
| Lifetime depression (versus never) | 1.38 (1.16–1.65)*** | 1.04 (0.85–1.26) |
| Perceived parenting by child (past 12 mo)b | ||
| Lack of monitoring | 1.59 (1.50–1.68)*** | 1.21 (1.12–1.31)*** |
| Lack of support | 1.43 (1.35–1.51)*** | 1.05 (0.98–1.12) |
| Conflict | 1.54 (1.44–1.65)*** | 1.19 (1.10–1.29)*** |
| Adolescents | ||
| Age | 1.34 (1.28–1.39)*** | 1.27 (1.21–1.34)*** |
| Boys (versus girls) | 0.92 (0.80–1.05) | 0.89 (0.76–1.03) |
| Race and/or ethnicity (versus African American) | ||
| White | 1.13 (0.92–1.39) | 1.06 (0.83–1.36) |
| Hispanic | 1.07 (0.84–1.36) | 1.08 (0.81–1.43) |
| Other | 0.83 (0.60–1.16) | 0.97 (0.67–1.40) |
| Religiosityb | 0.71 (0.67–0.76)*** | 0.92 (0.86–0.99)* |
| Initiated other drug before NMPO (versus same age, after, or did not use) | ||
| Cigarettes | 3.01 (2.64–3.43)*** | 1.37 (1.14–1.65)*** |
| Alcohol | 1.65 (1.46–1.87)*** | 0.47 (0.39–0.55)*** |
| Marijuana | 3.03 (2.63–3.50)*** | 1.25 (1.02–1.53)* |
| OIDsa | 3.66 (2.72–4.93)*** | 0.98 (0.63–1.51) |
| Perceived risk of drug useb | 0.71 (0.68–0.75)*** | 0.77 (0.72–0.82)*** |
| Perceived drug use of schoolmates (versus none or some use)c | ||
| Most or all use | 3.54 (3.04–4.11)*** | 1.71 (1.44–2.04)*** |
| Delinquency (past 12 mo)b | 1.72 (1.63–1.80)*** | 1.50 (1.42–1.59)*** |
| Lifetime depression (versus never) | 2.83 (2.43–3.29)*** | 1.62 (1.37–1.93)*** |
Weighted estimates.
Cocaine, crack, heroin, or hallucinogens.
Standardized scores.
Smoking, alcohol, or marijuana.
P < .05; ** P < .01; *** P < .001.