State-Level Demographic and Anthropometric Characteristics of Participants in the WIC, 2000–2014
| . | 2000 . | 2004 . | 2008 . | 2010 . | 2012 . | 2014 . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence of obesity among 2-to 4-y-old WIC participants, mean (SD) | 12.92 (2.40) | 14.80 (2.38) | 15.13 (2.19) | 15.24 (2.24) | 14.51 (2.27) | 14.24 (2.27) | <.001 |
| Race and/or ethnicity, %,a mean (SD) | |||||||
| American Indian | 3.14 (7.58) | 3.27 (7.85) | 3.62 (8.27) | 3.50 (7.93) | 3.63 (7.92) | 3.56 (7.64) | .999 |
| Asian American or Pacific Islander | 2.10 (2.18) | 2.25 (2.13) | 2.35 (2.15) | 2.61 (2.25) | 2.94 (2.33) | 3.37 (2.52) | .056 |
| African American | 21.29 (18.82) | 19.82 (7.03) | 19.37 (15.42) | 19.19 (14.70) | 19.95 (4.85) | 20.75 (14.97) | .986 |
| Hispanic | 20.67 (20.34) | 25.22 (21.39) | 29.94 (22.15) | 30.91 (21.33) | 30.79 (20.81) | 30.65 (20.37) | .086 |
| White | 52.79 (21.98) | 49.44 (21.87) | 44.72 (20.90) | 43.79 (20.21) | 42.70 (19.62) | 41.67 (19.25) | .059 |
| WIC-participating children with high birth wt, %,b mean (SD) | 13.22 (2.38) | 7.17 (1.78) | 6.49 (1.44) | 6.62 (1.59) | 6.43 (1.76) | 6.41 (1.68) | <.001 |
| WIC-participating women with high prepregnancy BMI, %,c mean (SD) | 21.95 (3.50) | 26.22 (2.91) | 28.55 (3.33) | 29.96 (3.12) | 30.66 (4.39) | 32.22 (4.31) | <.001 |
| Children in poverty, %,d mean (SD) | 15.83 (4.36) | 14.92 (3.98) | 14.14 (3.91) | 14.39 (4.01) | 14.81 (3.99) | 14.97 (4.12) | .412 |
| Total No. 2-to 4-y-old WIC participants | 2 253 471 | 2 550 533 | 2 790 527 | 3 206 995 | 3 152 137 | 2 915 253 | — |
| . | 2000 . | 2004 . | 2008 . | 2010 . | 2012 . | 2014 . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence of obesity among 2-to 4-y-old WIC participants, mean (SD) | 12.92 (2.40) | 14.80 (2.38) | 15.13 (2.19) | 15.24 (2.24) | 14.51 (2.27) | 14.24 (2.27) | <.001 |
| Race and/or ethnicity, %,a mean (SD) | |||||||
| American Indian | 3.14 (7.58) | 3.27 (7.85) | 3.62 (8.27) | 3.50 (7.93) | 3.63 (7.92) | 3.56 (7.64) | .999 |
| Asian American or Pacific Islander | 2.10 (2.18) | 2.25 (2.13) | 2.35 (2.15) | 2.61 (2.25) | 2.94 (2.33) | 3.37 (2.52) | .056 |
| African American | 21.29 (18.82) | 19.82 (7.03) | 19.37 (15.42) | 19.19 (14.70) | 19.95 (4.85) | 20.75 (14.97) | .986 |
| Hispanic | 20.67 (20.34) | 25.22 (21.39) | 29.94 (22.15) | 30.91 (21.33) | 30.79 (20.81) | 30.65 (20.37) | .086 |
| White | 52.79 (21.98) | 49.44 (21.87) | 44.72 (20.90) | 43.79 (20.21) | 42.70 (19.62) | 41.67 (19.25) | .059 |
| WIC-participating children with high birth wt, %,b mean (SD) | 13.22 (2.38) | 7.17 (1.78) | 6.49 (1.44) | 6.62 (1.59) | 6.43 (1.76) | 6.41 (1.68) | <.001 |
| WIC-participating women with high prepregnancy BMI, %,c mean (SD) | 21.95 (3.50) | 26.22 (2.91) | 28.55 (3.33) | 29.96 (3.12) | 30.66 (4.39) | 32.22 (4.31) | <.001 |
| Children in poverty, %,d mean (SD) | 15.83 (4.36) | 14.92 (3.98) | 14.14 (3.91) | 14.39 (4.01) | 14.81 (3.99) | 14.97 (4.12) | .412 |
| Total No. 2-to 4-y-old WIC participants | 2 253 471 | 2 550 533 | 2 790 527 | 3 206 995 | 3 152 137 | 2 915 253 | — |
Included were 49 states, excluding Hawaii. P values are from analysis of variance tests of differences in means. —, not applicable.
Demographic makeup is presented as the number of children with race reported in each category as a percentage of (for 2000 and 2004) all 1- to 4-y-old children enrolled in the WIC or (for 2008–2014) all 2- to 4-y-old WIC participants as a percentage of all children for whom a race in the 5 categories was reported.
The percentage of WIC-participating 1- to 4-y-old children with birth weights between 4001 and 6000 g. This measure is reported by state and local WIC agencies and thus is missing data for some states and territories (eg, n = 29 in 2000 and n = 37 in 2014).
The percentage of WIC-participating pregnant women with prepregnancy BMI ≥29.1 reported with a 4-y lag. This measure is reported by state and local WIC agencies and thus is missing data for some states (eg, n = 33 in 4 years before 2000 and n = 40 4 years before 2014).
Rate for children ages 0 to 17 y calculated with the anchored SPM available from the Center on Poverty and Social Policy at Columbia University for all US states.19