Baseline Characteristics of Children Hospitalized With Pneumonia With and Without Bacteremia
| Baseline Characteristics . | No Bacteremia, n = 2090 . | Bacteremia, n = 46 . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age in mo, median (IQR) | 28 (12–73) | 27.5 (16–69) | .806 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 1136 (54) | 34 (74) | .008 |
| Race and ethnicity, n (%) | .258 | ||
| Non-Hispanic white | 805 (39) | 22 (48) | |
| Non-Hispanic African American | 723 (35) | 15 (33) | |
| Hispanic | 395 (19) | 4 (9) | |
| Other | 167 (8) | 5 (11) | |
| No. chronic comorbidities, n (%) | .191 | ||
| 0 | 1006 (48) | 27 (59) | |
| 1 | 779 (37) | 16 (35) | |
| 2 | 239 (11) | 1 (2) | |
| 3+ | 66 (3) | 2 (4) | |
| Household smoke exposure, n (%) | 731 (35) | 16 (35) | .956 |
| PCV vaccination,a,b n (%) | 1320 (90) | 32 (100) | .067 |
| Temperature in Celsius, median (IQR) | 37.9 (37.2–38.8) | 38.2 (37.5–39.4) | .064 |
| Altered mental status, n (%) | 52 (3) | 2 (4) | .421 |
| Chest indrawing, n (%) | 1128 (54) | 16 (35) | .012 |
| Asymmetric breath sounds, n (%) | 1354 (65) | 28 (61) | .583 |
| Wheezing, n (%) | 840 (40) | 11 (24) | .026 |
| PF ratio,c median (IQR) | 451 (423–474) | 462 (445–479) | .033 |
| White blood count,d median (IQR) | 12 (9–17) | 16 (7–20) | .406 |
| Procalcitonin,e median (IQR)f | 0.32 (0.1–1.48) | 4.1 (0.99–19.97) | .001 |
| Viral detection, n (%) | 1490 (71) | 32 (70) | .798 |
| Respiratory syncytial virus | 584 (29) | 10 (22) | .352 |
| Rhinovirus | 546 (27) | 11 (26) | .811 |
| Human metapneumovirus | 260 (13) | 7 (16) | .571 |
| Adenovirus | 221 (11) | 7 (16) | .311 |
| Influenza A or B | 140 (7) | 4 (9) | .251 |
| Radiographic infiltrate pattern, n (%) | .186 | ||
| Consolidation, single lobar | 446 (22) | 15 (33) | |
| Consolidation, multilobar | 621 (30) | 12 (26) | |
| Other infiltrate | 848 (41) | 13 (28) | |
| Mixed | 151 (7) | 6 (13) | |
| Parapneumonic effusion on CXR, n (%) | 241 (12) | 22 (48) | <.001 |
| Empyema with drainage procedure, n (%) | 76 (4) | 8 (17) | <.001 |
| Antibiotics before hospitalization, n (%) | 528 (25) | 12 (26) | .926 |
| Inpatient antibiotics before culture, n (%) | 484 (21) | 4 (9) | .021 |
| Any antibiotics before culture, n (%) | 866 (41) | 15 (33) | .229 |
| Empirical antibiotics, n (%) | <.001 | ||
| Cephalosporing | 1154 (55) | 12 (26) | |
| Cephalosporin + vancomycin or clindamycing | 356 (17) | 20 (43) | |
| None | 308 (15) | 3 (7) | |
| Aminopenicillin | 130 (6) | 3 (7) | |
| Other | 142 (7) | 8 (17) |
| Baseline Characteristics . | No Bacteremia, n = 2090 . | Bacteremia, n = 46 . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age in mo, median (IQR) | 28 (12–73) | 27.5 (16–69) | .806 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 1136 (54) | 34 (74) | .008 |
| Race and ethnicity, n (%) | .258 | ||
| Non-Hispanic white | 805 (39) | 22 (48) | |
| Non-Hispanic African American | 723 (35) | 15 (33) | |
| Hispanic | 395 (19) | 4 (9) | |
| Other | 167 (8) | 5 (11) | |
| No. chronic comorbidities, n (%) | .191 | ||
| 0 | 1006 (48) | 27 (59) | |
| 1 | 779 (37) | 16 (35) | |
| 2 | 239 (11) | 1 (2) | |
| 3+ | 66 (3) | 2 (4) | |
| Household smoke exposure, n (%) | 731 (35) | 16 (35) | .956 |
| PCV vaccination,a,b n (%) | 1320 (90) | 32 (100) | .067 |
| Temperature in Celsius, median (IQR) | 37.9 (37.2–38.8) | 38.2 (37.5–39.4) | .064 |
| Altered mental status, n (%) | 52 (3) | 2 (4) | .421 |
| Chest indrawing, n (%) | 1128 (54) | 16 (35) | .012 |
| Asymmetric breath sounds, n (%) | 1354 (65) | 28 (61) | .583 |
| Wheezing, n (%) | 840 (40) | 11 (24) | .026 |
| PF ratio,c median (IQR) | 451 (423–474) | 462 (445–479) | .033 |
| White blood count,d median (IQR) | 12 (9–17) | 16 (7–20) | .406 |
| Procalcitonin,e median (IQR)f | 0.32 (0.1–1.48) | 4.1 (0.99–19.97) | .001 |
| Viral detection, n (%) | 1490 (71) | 32 (70) | .798 |
| Respiratory syncytial virus | 584 (29) | 10 (22) | .352 |
| Rhinovirus | 546 (27) | 11 (26) | .811 |
| Human metapneumovirus | 260 (13) | 7 (16) | .571 |
| Adenovirus | 221 (11) | 7 (16) | .311 |
| Influenza A or B | 140 (7) | 4 (9) | .251 |
| Radiographic infiltrate pattern, n (%) | .186 | ||
| Consolidation, single lobar | 446 (22) | 15 (33) | |
| Consolidation, multilobar | 621 (30) | 12 (26) | |
| Other infiltrate | 848 (41) | 13 (28) | |
| Mixed | 151 (7) | 6 (13) | |
| Parapneumonic effusion on CXR, n (%) | 241 (12) | 22 (48) | <.001 |
| Empyema with drainage procedure, n (%) | 76 (4) | 8 (17) | <.001 |
| Antibiotics before hospitalization, n (%) | 528 (25) | 12 (26) | .926 |
| Inpatient antibiotics before culture, n (%) | 484 (21) | 4 (9) | .021 |
| Any antibiotics before culture, n (%) | 866 (41) | 15 (33) | .229 |
| Empirical antibiotics, n (%) | <.001 | ||
| Cephalosporing | 1154 (55) | 12 (26) | |
| Cephalosporin + vancomycin or clindamycing | 356 (17) | 20 (43) | |
| None | 308 (15) | 3 (7) | |
| Aminopenicillin | 130 (6) | 3 (7) | |
| Other | 142 (7) | 8 (17) |
CXR, chest radiograph.
Children age 9 mo to 12 y of age that received ≥3 doses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.
Sample size: no bacteremia, n = 1469; bacteremia, n = 32.
Estimated from the P/F (Pao2Fio2) ratio.
Cells × 103 per mm3.
Nanograms per milliliter.
Sample size: no bacteremia, n = 486; bacteremia, n = 16.
With or without a macrolide.