Management of Pain by Race and Ethnicity
| Race and Ethnicity . | Process Measures . | Clinical Outcomes . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any Analgesic . | Opioid Analgesic . | ≥2-Point Pain Reduction . | Optimal Pain Reductiona . | |||||
| % . | aORb (95% CI) . | % . | aORb (95% CI) . | % . | aORb (95% CI) . | % . | aORb (95% CI) . | |
| NH white | 84.6 | Referent | 53.2 | Referent | 88.4 | Referent | 64.8 | Referent |
| NH African American | 89.7 | 1.72 (1.51–1.95) | 39.5 | 0.86 (0.77–0.95) | 90.3 | 1.42 (1.14–1.76) | 57.2 | 0.78 (0.67–0.90) |
| Hispanic | 86.3 | 1.32 (1.16–1.51) | 36.4 | 0.86 (0.76–0.96) | 92.0 | 1.38 (1.04–1.83) | 60.4 | 0.80 (0.67–0.95) |
| Other | 85.2 | 1.06 (0.95–1.29) | 46.5 | 0.90 (0.79–1.02) | 89.5 | 1.09 (0.82–1.43) | 62.2 | 084 (0.70–1.01) |
| Race and Ethnicity . | Process Measures . | Clinical Outcomes . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any Analgesic . | Opioid Analgesic . | ≥2-Point Pain Reduction . | Optimal Pain Reductiona . | |||||
| % . | aORb (95% CI) . | % . | aORb (95% CI) . | % . | aORb (95% CI) . | % . | aORb (95% CI) . | |
| NH white | 84.6 | Referent | 53.2 | Referent | 88.4 | Referent | 64.8 | Referent |
| NH African American | 89.7 | 1.72 (1.51–1.95) | 39.5 | 0.86 (0.77–0.95) | 90.3 | 1.42 (1.14–1.76) | 57.2 | 0.78 (0.67–0.90) |
| Hispanic | 86.3 | 1.32 (1.16–1.51) | 36.4 | 0.86 (0.76–0.96) | 92.0 | 1.38 (1.04–1.83) | 60.4 | 0.80 (0.67–0.95) |
| Other | 85.2 | 1.06 (0.95–1.29) | 46.5 | 0.90 (0.79–1.02) | 89.5 | 1.09 (0.82–1.43) | 62.2 | 084 (0.70–1.01) |
Optimal pain reduction is defined as reduction of pain into the mild or no pain categories within 90 min of maximum pain score.
Adjusted for age, sex, insurance status, triage level, procedural sedation, fracture location, visit year, visit site, ED type, ED clinician, and provider type.