Bivariable and Multivariable Associations Between Independent Variables and HIV Testing
| Independent Variable, Level . | Not Tested, n (%) . | Tested, n (%) . | OR (95% CI) . | aOR (95% CI) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | ||||
| 13–14 | 84 (94.4) | 5 (5.6) | Reference | Reference |
| 15–16 | 282 (84.2) | 53 (15.8) | 3.16* (1.34–9.29) | 2.41 (0.91–7.74) |
| 17–18 | 171 (62.2) | 104 (37.8) | 10.22*** (4.41–29.75) | 5.48** (2.09–17.53) |
| Race and/or ethnicity | ||||
| White | 225 (80.1) | 56 (19.9) | Reference | Reference |
| African American | 87 (71.9) | 34 (28.1) | 1.57 (0.95–2.56) | 1.83 (0.95–3.49) |
| Latinx | 172 (77.8) | 49 (22.2) | 1.14 (0.74–1.76) | 1.28 (0.72–2.28) |
| Other | 53 (69.7) | 23 (30.3) | 1.74 (0.97–3.06) | 1.54 (0.7–3.33) |
| Urban or rural | ||||
| Urban | 495 (76.4) | 153 (23.6) | Reference | Reference |
| Rural | 42 (82.4) | 9 (17.6) | 0.69 (0.31–1.39) | 0.89 (0.33–2.16) |
| Public assistance | ||||
| No or do not know | 359 (77.2) | 106 (22.8) | Reference | |
| Yes | 178 (76.1) | 56 (23.9) | 1.07 (0.73–1.54) | 0.79 (0.48–1.3) |
| Sexual orientation | ||||
| Gay | 345 (74.4) | 119 (25.6) | Reference | Reference |
| Bisexual | 140 (80.0) | 35 (20.0) | 0.72 (0.47–1.1) | 1.16 (0.65–2.05) |
| Other | 52 (86.7) | 8 (13.3) | 0.45* (0.19–0.92) | 0.42 (0.16–1.05) |
| Vaginal or anal sex, lifetime | ||||
| No | 233 (93.2) | 17 (6.8) | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 304 (67.7) | 145 (32.3) | 6.54*** (3.95–11.49) | 3.24** (1.58–6.83) |
| CAS experience, lifetime | ||||
| No | 330 (86.6) | 51 (13.4) | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 207 (65.1) | 111 (34.9) | 3.47*** (2.4–5.08) | 1.47 (0.83–2.64) |
| HIV education in school | ||||
| No or do not know | 182 (77.4) | 53 (22.6) | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 355 (76.5) | 109 (23.5) | 1.05 (0.73–1.54) | 1.01 (0.62–1.66) |
| HIV education from family | ||||
| No or do not know | 384 (81.4) | 88 (18.6) | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 153 (67.4) | 74 (32.6) | 2.11*** (1.47–3.03) | 1.25 (0.73–2.15) |
| Spoken to family about sexual expectations | ||||
| No or do not know | 344 (79.8) | 87 (20.2) | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 193 (72.0) | 75 (28.0) | 1.54* (1.08–2.19) | 1.04 (0.61–1.77) |
| Outness | ||||
| No one or select few | 188 (84.7) | 34 (15.3) | Reference | Reference |
| Most people | 229 (78.4) | 63 (21.6) | 1.52 (0.97–2.43) | 1.12 (0.63–2.01) |
| Everyone | 120 (64.9) | 65 (35.1) | 3.00*** (1.88–4.85) | 1.5 (0.79–2.85) |
| Have a regular doctor | ||||
| No | 179 (78.9) | 48 (21.1) | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 358 (75.8) | 114 (24.2) | 1.19 (0.81–1.75) | 1.05 (0.63–1.76) |
| Spoken to a doctor about sex with male partners | ||||
| No | 472 (85.8) | 78 (14.2) | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 65 (43.6) | 84 (56.4) | 7.82*** (5.25–11.75) | 2.66*** (1.52–4.67) |
| Spoken to a doctor about HIV testing | ||||
| No | 504 (89.2) | 61 (10.8) | Reference | — |
| Yes | 33 (24.6) | 101 (75.4) | 25.29*** (15.91–41.16) | — |
| Doctor asked about sexual orientation | ||||
| No | 419 (84.6) | 76 (15.4) | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 118 (57.8) | 86 (42.2) | 4.02*** (2.78–5.83) | 2.02** (1.2–3.4) |
| HIV knowledge, % correct, mean (SD) | 64.3 (19.9) | 73.7 (17.5) | 1.03*** (1.02–1.04) | 1.02** (1.01–1.03) |
| Perceived vulnerability, mean (SD) | 5.7 (1.7) | 5.8 (1.7) | 1.03 (0.93–1.14) | 1.03 (0.89–1.18) |
| Importance of getting an HIV test, mean (SD) | 4.5 (0.8) | 4.8 (0.7) | 1.74*** (1.3–2.41) | 1.49* (1.08–2.13) |
| Difficulty of getting an HIV test, mean (SD) | 2.6 (1.1) | 3.6 (1.1) | 2.28*** (1.92–2.74) | 1.86*** (1.49–2.33) |
| Confidence in obtaining HIV treatment, mean (SD) | 2.7 (1) | 2.9 (1) | 1.26* (1.05–1.51) | 0.93 (0.72–1.2) |
| Independent Variable, Level . | Not Tested, n (%) . | Tested, n (%) . | OR (95% CI) . | aOR (95% CI) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | ||||
| 13–14 | 84 (94.4) | 5 (5.6) | Reference | Reference |
| 15–16 | 282 (84.2) | 53 (15.8) | 3.16* (1.34–9.29) | 2.41 (0.91–7.74) |
| 17–18 | 171 (62.2) | 104 (37.8) | 10.22*** (4.41–29.75) | 5.48** (2.09–17.53) |
| Race and/or ethnicity | ||||
| White | 225 (80.1) | 56 (19.9) | Reference | Reference |
| African American | 87 (71.9) | 34 (28.1) | 1.57 (0.95–2.56) | 1.83 (0.95–3.49) |
| Latinx | 172 (77.8) | 49 (22.2) | 1.14 (0.74–1.76) | 1.28 (0.72–2.28) |
| Other | 53 (69.7) | 23 (30.3) | 1.74 (0.97–3.06) | 1.54 (0.7–3.33) |
| Urban or rural | ||||
| Urban | 495 (76.4) | 153 (23.6) | Reference | Reference |
| Rural | 42 (82.4) | 9 (17.6) | 0.69 (0.31–1.39) | 0.89 (0.33–2.16) |
| Public assistance | ||||
| No or do not know | 359 (77.2) | 106 (22.8) | Reference | |
| Yes | 178 (76.1) | 56 (23.9) | 1.07 (0.73–1.54) | 0.79 (0.48–1.3) |
| Sexual orientation | ||||
| Gay | 345 (74.4) | 119 (25.6) | Reference | Reference |
| Bisexual | 140 (80.0) | 35 (20.0) | 0.72 (0.47–1.1) | 1.16 (0.65–2.05) |
| Other | 52 (86.7) | 8 (13.3) | 0.45* (0.19–0.92) | 0.42 (0.16–1.05) |
| Vaginal or anal sex, lifetime | ||||
| No | 233 (93.2) | 17 (6.8) | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 304 (67.7) | 145 (32.3) | 6.54*** (3.95–11.49) | 3.24** (1.58–6.83) |
| CAS experience, lifetime | ||||
| No | 330 (86.6) | 51 (13.4) | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 207 (65.1) | 111 (34.9) | 3.47*** (2.4–5.08) | 1.47 (0.83–2.64) |
| HIV education in school | ||||
| No or do not know | 182 (77.4) | 53 (22.6) | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 355 (76.5) | 109 (23.5) | 1.05 (0.73–1.54) | 1.01 (0.62–1.66) |
| HIV education from family | ||||
| No or do not know | 384 (81.4) | 88 (18.6) | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 153 (67.4) | 74 (32.6) | 2.11*** (1.47–3.03) | 1.25 (0.73–2.15) |
| Spoken to family about sexual expectations | ||||
| No or do not know | 344 (79.8) | 87 (20.2) | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 193 (72.0) | 75 (28.0) | 1.54* (1.08–2.19) | 1.04 (0.61–1.77) |
| Outness | ||||
| No one or select few | 188 (84.7) | 34 (15.3) | Reference | Reference |
| Most people | 229 (78.4) | 63 (21.6) | 1.52 (0.97–2.43) | 1.12 (0.63–2.01) |
| Everyone | 120 (64.9) | 65 (35.1) | 3.00*** (1.88–4.85) | 1.5 (0.79–2.85) |
| Have a regular doctor | ||||
| No | 179 (78.9) | 48 (21.1) | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 358 (75.8) | 114 (24.2) | 1.19 (0.81–1.75) | 1.05 (0.63–1.76) |
| Spoken to a doctor about sex with male partners | ||||
| No | 472 (85.8) | 78 (14.2) | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 65 (43.6) | 84 (56.4) | 7.82*** (5.25–11.75) | 2.66*** (1.52–4.67) |
| Spoken to a doctor about HIV testing | ||||
| No | 504 (89.2) | 61 (10.8) | Reference | — |
| Yes | 33 (24.6) | 101 (75.4) | 25.29*** (15.91–41.16) | — |
| Doctor asked about sexual orientation | ||||
| No | 419 (84.6) | 76 (15.4) | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 118 (57.8) | 86 (42.2) | 4.02*** (2.78–5.83) | 2.02** (1.2–3.4) |
| HIV knowledge, % correct, mean (SD) | 64.3 (19.9) | 73.7 (17.5) | 1.03*** (1.02–1.04) | 1.02** (1.01–1.03) |
| Perceived vulnerability, mean (SD) | 5.7 (1.7) | 5.8 (1.7) | 1.03 (0.93–1.14) | 1.03 (0.89–1.18) |
| Importance of getting an HIV test, mean (SD) | 4.5 (0.8) | 4.8 (0.7) | 1.74*** (1.3–2.41) | 1.49* (1.08–2.13) |
| Difficulty of getting an HIV test, mean (SD) | 2.6 (1.1) | 3.6 (1.1) | 2.28*** (1.92–2.74) | 1.86*** (1.49–2.33) |
| Confidence in obtaining HIV treatment, mean (SD) | 2.7 (1) | 2.9 (1) | 1.26* (1.05–1.51) | 0.93 (0.72–1.2) |
aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; —, not applicable.
P < .05
P < .01
P < .001.