Patient and Hospital Characteristics of Bronchiolitis Hospitalizations in the US Children, 2000–2016
| . | 2000 . | 2003 . | 2006 . | 2009 . | 2012 . | 2016 . | Ptrenda . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age 0–23.9 mo | |||||||
| Weighted No. bronchiolitis | 136 757 | 141 436 | 137 236 | 127 634 | 125 142 | 107 653 | — |
| Weighted No. total hospitalizations | 834 618 | 876 894 | 862 018 | 787 833 | 681 520 | 596 664 | — |
| Total hospitalizations,b % | 16 (16–17) | 16 (16–17) | 16 (16–17) | 16 (16–17) | 18 (18–19) | 18 (17–19) | <.001 |
| Age 0–11.9 mo | |||||||
| Weighted No. bronchiolitis | 118 910 | 121 411 | 116 200 | 104 985 | 100 275 | 83 533 | — |
| Weighted No. total hospitalizations | 639 150 | 669 810 | 655 736 | 591 022 | 515 288 | 460 827 | — |
| Total hospitalizations,c % | 19 (18–19) | 18 (18–19) | 18 (17–18) | 18 (17–18) | 19 (19–20) | 18 (17–19) | .003 |
| RSV bronchiolitis,d % | 9 (8–10) | 9 (8–9) | 9 (9–10) | 9 (9–10) | 11 (10–11) | 10 (10–11) | <.001 |
| Patient demographics | |||||||
| Age | <.001 | ||||||
| 0–11.9 mo | 87 (86–88) | 86 (85–86) | 85 (84–86) | 82 (81–83) | 80 (79–81) | 78 (76–79) | |
| 12–23.9 mo | 13 (12–14) | 14 (14–15) | 15 (15–16) | 18 (17–19) | 20 (19–21) | 22 (21–24) | |
| Male sex | 59 (59–60) | 59 (59–59) | 58 (58–59) | 59 (58–59) | 58 (58–58) | 58 (58–59) | <.001 |
| Race and/or ethnicity | |||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 42 (39–46) | 34 (32–37) | 35 (32–37) | 39 (36–41) | 43 (41–45) | 42 (39–45) | <.001 |
| Non-Hispanic African American | 13 (12–15) | 12 (11–13) | 11 (10–12) | 14 (12–16) | 16 (14–17) | 16 (14–18) | <.001 |
| Hispanic | 21 (19–24) | 20 (18–23) | 22 (19–25) | 25 (22–27) | 24 (22–27) | 22 (20–25) | <.001 |
| Other or unknown | 23 (21–26) | 34 (31–37) | 32 (29–36) | 23 (20–26) | 17 (15–20) | 20 (16–23) | <.001 |
| Primary payer | |||||||
| Public | 53 (51–54) | 57 (56–59) | 60 (58–61) | 63 (62–65) | 65 (63–66) | 63 (61–65) | <.001 |
| Private | 41 (39–43) | 37 (35–38) | 34 (32–36) | 31 (30–33) | 30 (29–31) | 32 (30–34) | <.001 |
| Other | 6 (6–7) | 6 (5–6) | 6 (6–7) | 6 (5–7) | 5 (5–6) | 5 (4–5) | <.001 |
| Hospitalization day | <.001 | ||||||
| Weekdaye | 78 (77–78) | 77 (77–76) | 77 (77–78) | 77 (76–77) | 76 (75–76) | 75 (74–75) | |
| Weekend | 22 (22–23) | 23 (22–23) | 23 (22–23) | 23 (23–24) | 24 (24–25) | 25 (25–26) | |
| Any pediatric complex chronic conditionsf | 6 (5–6) | 6 (5–6) | 6 (6–7) | 8 (7–8) | 9 (8–9) | 13 (12–13) | <.001 |
| Cardiovascular conditions | 2 (2–2) | 2 (2–2) | 2 (2–2) | 2 (2–3) | 3 (3–3) | 4 (4–4) | <.001 |
| Respiratory conditions | 1 (1–1) | 1 (1–1) | 1 (1–1) | 1 (1–1) | 1 (1–2) | 2 (2–2) | <.001 |
| Neurologic and neuromuscular conditions | 1 (1–1) | 1 (1–1) | 1 (1–1) | 1 (1–1) | 1 (1–1) | 1 (1–1) | <.001 |
| Prematurityg | 0.3(0.2–0.5) | 0.3 (0.3–0.4) | 0.4 (0.3–0.9) | 1 (0.8–1) | 1 (1–1) | 2 (2–2) | <.001 |
| Hospital characteristics | |||||||
| Region | |||||||
| Northeast | 18 (15–22) | 16 (14–18) | 17 (15–20) | 18 (15–22) | 18 (14–22) | 19 (15–24) | <.001 |
| Midwest | 18 (14–21) | 22 (19–25) | 23 (19–25) | 20 (17–24) | 22 (18–26) | 22 (18–28) | <.001 |
| South | 40 (36–44) | 42 (38–46) | 40 (36–43) | 40 (36–44) | 39 (35–43) | 35 (30–41) | <.001 |
| West | 24 (20–28) | 20 (17–24) | 20 (17–24) | 22 (18–26) | 22 (18–26) | 23 (19–28) | .97 |
| Location and teaching status | |||||||
| Rural | 20 (18–23) | 20 (18–22) | 16 (15–18) | 16 (15–18) | 12 (11–14) | 7 (6–8) | <.001 |
| Urban nonteaching | 31 (28–34) | 33 (30–36) | 31 (28–34) | 33 (29–36) | 25 (22–28) | 13 (11–15) | <.001 |
| Urban teaching | 48 (44–52) | 47 (44–50) | 52 (49–56) | 51 (47–55) | 63 (29–66) | 80 (77–82) | <.001 |
| Hospital designation | <.001 | ||||||
| Non–children’s hospital | 85 (80–89) | 85 (82–87) | 83 (79–87) | 81 (76–84) | 78 (73–82) | 71 (65–77) | |
| Children’s hospital | 15 (11–20) | 15 (13–18) | 17 (14–21) | 19 (16–22) | 22 (18–27) | 29 (23–35) |
| . | 2000 . | 2003 . | 2006 . | 2009 . | 2012 . | 2016 . | Ptrenda . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age 0–23.9 mo | |||||||
| Weighted No. bronchiolitis | 136 757 | 141 436 | 137 236 | 127 634 | 125 142 | 107 653 | — |
| Weighted No. total hospitalizations | 834 618 | 876 894 | 862 018 | 787 833 | 681 520 | 596 664 | — |
| Total hospitalizations,b % | 16 (16–17) | 16 (16–17) | 16 (16–17) | 16 (16–17) | 18 (18–19) | 18 (17–19) | <.001 |
| Age 0–11.9 mo | |||||||
| Weighted No. bronchiolitis | 118 910 | 121 411 | 116 200 | 104 985 | 100 275 | 83 533 | — |
| Weighted No. total hospitalizations | 639 150 | 669 810 | 655 736 | 591 022 | 515 288 | 460 827 | — |
| Total hospitalizations,c % | 19 (18–19) | 18 (18–19) | 18 (17–18) | 18 (17–18) | 19 (19–20) | 18 (17–19) | .003 |
| RSV bronchiolitis,d % | 9 (8–10) | 9 (8–9) | 9 (9–10) | 9 (9–10) | 11 (10–11) | 10 (10–11) | <.001 |
| Patient demographics | |||||||
| Age | <.001 | ||||||
| 0–11.9 mo | 87 (86–88) | 86 (85–86) | 85 (84–86) | 82 (81–83) | 80 (79–81) | 78 (76–79) | |
| 12–23.9 mo | 13 (12–14) | 14 (14–15) | 15 (15–16) | 18 (17–19) | 20 (19–21) | 22 (21–24) | |
| Male sex | 59 (59–60) | 59 (59–59) | 58 (58–59) | 59 (58–59) | 58 (58–58) | 58 (58–59) | <.001 |
| Race and/or ethnicity | |||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 42 (39–46) | 34 (32–37) | 35 (32–37) | 39 (36–41) | 43 (41–45) | 42 (39–45) | <.001 |
| Non-Hispanic African American | 13 (12–15) | 12 (11–13) | 11 (10–12) | 14 (12–16) | 16 (14–17) | 16 (14–18) | <.001 |
| Hispanic | 21 (19–24) | 20 (18–23) | 22 (19–25) | 25 (22–27) | 24 (22–27) | 22 (20–25) | <.001 |
| Other or unknown | 23 (21–26) | 34 (31–37) | 32 (29–36) | 23 (20–26) | 17 (15–20) | 20 (16–23) | <.001 |
| Primary payer | |||||||
| Public | 53 (51–54) | 57 (56–59) | 60 (58–61) | 63 (62–65) | 65 (63–66) | 63 (61–65) | <.001 |
| Private | 41 (39–43) | 37 (35–38) | 34 (32–36) | 31 (30–33) | 30 (29–31) | 32 (30–34) | <.001 |
| Other | 6 (6–7) | 6 (5–6) | 6 (6–7) | 6 (5–7) | 5 (5–6) | 5 (4–5) | <.001 |
| Hospitalization day | <.001 | ||||||
| Weekdaye | 78 (77–78) | 77 (77–76) | 77 (77–78) | 77 (76–77) | 76 (75–76) | 75 (74–75) | |
| Weekend | 22 (22–23) | 23 (22–23) | 23 (22–23) | 23 (23–24) | 24 (24–25) | 25 (25–26) | |
| Any pediatric complex chronic conditionsf | 6 (5–6) | 6 (5–6) | 6 (6–7) | 8 (7–8) | 9 (8–9) | 13 (12–13) | <.001 |
| Cardiovascular conditions | 2 (2–2) | 2 (2–2) | 2 (2–2) | 2 (2–3) | 3 (3–3) | 4 (4–4) | <.001 |
| Respiratory conditions | 1 (1–1) | 1 (1–1) | 1 (1–1) | 1 (1–1) | 1 (1–2) | 2 (2–2) | <.001 |
| Neurologic and neuromuscular conditions | 1 (1–1) | 1 (1–1) | 1 (1–1) | 1 (1–1) | 1 (1–1) | 1 (1–1) | <.001 |
| Prematurityg | 0.3(0.2–0.5) | 0.3 (0.3–0.4) | 0.4 (0.3–0.9) | 1 (0.8–1) | 1 (1–1) | 2 (2–2) | <.001 |
| Hospital characteristics | |||||||
| Region | |||||||
| Northeast | 18 (15–22) | 16 (14–18) | 17 (15–20) | 18 (15–22) | 18 (14–22) | 19 (15–24) | <.001 |
| Midwest | 18 (14–21) | 22 (19–25) | 23 (19–25) | 20 (17–24) | 22 (18–26) | 22 (18–28) | <.001 |
| South | 40 (36–44) | 42 (38–46) | 40 (36–43) | 40 (36–44) | 39 (35–43) | 35 (30–41) | <.001 |
| West | 24 (20–28) | 20 (17–24) | 20 (17–24) | 22 (18–26) | 22 (18–26) | 23 (19–28) | .97 |
| Location and teaching status | |||||||
| Rural | 20 (18–23) | 20 (18–22) | 16 (15–18) | 16 (15–18) | 12 (11–14) | 7 (6–8) | <.001 |
| Urban nonteaching | 31 (28–34) | 33 (30–36) | 31 (28–34) | 33 (29–36) | 25 (22–28) | 13 (11–15) | <.001 |
| Urban teaching | 48 (44–52) | 47 (44–50) | 52 (49–56) | 51 (47–55) | 63 (29–66) | 80 (77–82) | <.001 |
| Hospital designation | <.001 | ||||||
| Non–children’s hospital | 85 (80–89) | 85 (82–87) | 83 (79–87) | 81 (76–84) | 78 (73–82) | 71 (65–77) | |
| Children’s hospital | 15 (11–20) | 15 (13–18) | 17 (14–21) | 19 (16–22) | 22 (18–27) | 29 (23–35) |
Data are expressed as % (95% confidence interval) unless otherwise indicated. —, not applicable.
P value for trend test.
Proportion of bronchiolitis hospitalizations among the total hospitalizations for children aged <2 y after excluding routine birth.
Proportion of bronchiolitis hospitalizations among the total hospitalizations for children aged <12 mo after excluding routine birth.
Identified by ICD-9-CM code of 466.11 and ICD-10-CM code of J21.0.
Hospitalization on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, or Friday.
Ten pediatric complex chronic conditions were defined by the pediatric complex chronic conditions classification system version 2. Of these 10 categories, 3 major conditions are presented.
Defined by <37 wk of gestation or low birth weight (<2500 g), identified by ICD-9-CM code of 765.0, 765.0X, 765.1, 765.1X, or 765.21-28 and ICD-10-CM code of P07.0, P07.0X, P07.1, P07.1X, P07.2, P07.2X, P07.3, or P07.3X.