Total Cost and Cost per Hospitalization for Bronchiolitis Hospitalization, According to Different Subpopulations, 2003–2016
| . | Cost . | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2003 . | 2006 . | 2009 . | 2012 . | 2016 . | Ptrenda . | |
| All bronchiolitis hospitalizations, children aged 0–23.9 mo | ||||||
| Total direct cost (95% CI)b | 449 (421–478) | 735 (677–793) | 641 (588–694) | 701 (637–765) | 734 (660–809) | .42 |
| Cost per hospitalization, geometric mean (95% CI)c,d | 3267 (3188–3345) | 3624 (3509–3740) | 3479 (3369–3589) | 3523 (3378–3669) | 4086 (3912–4260) | <.001 |
| Sensitivity analyses | ||||||
| Infants aged 0–11.9 mo | ||||||
| Total direct cost (95% CI)b | 381 (356–405) | 639 (587–691) | 547 (499–594) | 583 (528–639) | 599 (540–659) | .42 |
| Cost per hospitalization, geometric mean (95% CI)c,d | 3294 (3213–3376) | 3696 (3574–3817) | 3552 (3434–3670) | 3594 (3440–3749) | 4212 (4032–4392) | <.001 |
| Bronchiolitis, primary diagnosis | ||||||
| Total direct cost (95% CI)b | 413 (386–439) | 636 (585–687) | 522 (476–568) | 598 (543–652) | 596 (534–658) | .58 |
| Cost per hospitalization, geometric mean (95% CI)c,d | 3235 (3156–3313) | 3563 (3449–3676) | 34,06 (3293–3518) | 3470 (3324–3618) | 3967 (3792–4141) | <.001 |
| Children without pediatric complex chronic conditions | ||||||
| Total direct cost (95% CI)b | 413 (388–439) | 613 (570–657) | 515 (477–554) | 542 (497–587) | 517 (469–565) | .58 |
| Cost per hospitalization, geometric mean (95% CI)c,d | 3192 (3116–3278) | 3465 (3360–3569) | 3300 (3201–3398) | 3305 (3176–3435) | 3749 (3598–3899) | <.001 |
| Bronchiolitis, primary diagnosis, by children aged 0–11.9 mo without pediatric complex chronic conditions | ||||||
| Total direct cost (95% CI)b | 326 (305–347) | 467 (433–502) | 361 (331–391) | 388 (355–422) | 339 (308–371) | .90 |
| Cost per hospitalization, geometric mean (95% CI)c,d | 3195 (3116–3274) | 3471 (3362–3579) | 3296 (3189–3402) | 3320 (3183–3458) | 3724 (3572–3876) | <.001 |
| Children with a pediatric complex chronic condition | ||||||
| Total direct cost (95% CI)b | 36 (33–40) | 121 (104–139) | 126 (108–144) | 159 (149–180) | 217 (187–248) | .046 |
| Cost per hospitalization, geometric mean (95% CI)c,d | 5069 (4855–5284) | 7055 (6634–7476) | 6788 (6425–7151) | 6871 (6473–7270) | 7465 (7050–7880) | <.001 |
| Stratification by use of mechanical ventilation | ||||||
| With mechanical ventilation use | ||||||
| Total direct cost (95% CI)b | 94 (75–113) | 114 (95–132) | 117 (100–134) | 141 (122–161) | 195 (163–226) | .046 |
| Cost per hospitalization, geometric mean (95% CI)c,d | 10 093 (9053–11 134) | 25 212 (22 589–27 834) | 25 618 (23 415–27 820) | 21 445 (18 493–24 397) | 18 525 (15 841–21 208) | <.001 |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation use | ||||||
| Total direct cost (95% CI)b | 77 (59–95) | 103 (85–120) | 105 (90–121) | 118 (101–135) | 144 (120–168) | .046 |
| Cost per hospitalization, geometric mean (95% CI)c,d | 10 376 (9301–11 450) | 29 243 (26 311–32 174) | 33 204 (30 390–36 019) | 29 671 (23 068–36 275) | 36 207 (33 191–39 223) | <.001 |
| Noninvasive mechanical ventilation use | ||||||
| Total direct cost (95% CI)b | 17 (14–20) | 11 (8–14) | 12 (9–14) | 23 (18–29) | 51 (36–66) | .15 |
| Cost per hospitalization, geometric mean (95% CI)c,d | 9090 (6587–11 594) | 14 209 (12 737–15 681) | 12 125 (11 082–13 168) | 12 595 (11 541–13 648) | 11 446 (10 101–12 792) | <.001 |
| Without mechanical ventilation use | ||||||
| Total direct cost (95% CI)b | 440 (412–468) | 621 (577–666) | 524 (485–564) | 560 (512–607) | 539 (492–587) | .58 |
| Cost per hospitalization, geometric mean (95% CI)c,d | 3242 (3163–3320) | 3478 (3373–3583) | 3321 (3221–3420) | 3337 (3204–3470) | 3747 (3597–3897) | <.001 |
| Stratification by hospital designation | ||||||
| Non–children’s hospital | ||||||
| Total direct cost (95% CI)b | 349 (329–370) | 519 (482–556) | 434 (404–465) | 434 (399–469) | 405 (367–444) | .97 |
| Cost per hospitalization, geometric mean (95% CI)c,d | 3054 (2983–3125) | 3304 (3208–3399) | 3113 (3034–3193) | 3060 (2952–3168) | 3412 (3279–3544) | <.001 |
| Children’s hospital | ||||||
| Total direct cost (95% CI)b | 100 (79–121) | 216 (170–262) | 207 (162–251) | 267 (213–322) | 329 (264–394) | .07 |
| Cost per hospitalization, geometric mean (95% CI)c,d | 4696 (4421–4970) | 5619 (5111–6127) | 5883 (5406–6360) | 5805 (5146–6464) | 6506 (5924–7088) | <.001 |
| . | Cost . | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2003 . | 2006 . | 2009 . | 2012 . | 2016 . | Ptrenda . | |
| All bronchiolitis hospitalizations, children aged 0–23.9 mo | ||||||
| Total direct cost (95% CI)b | 449 (421–478) | 735 (677–793) | 641 (588–694) | 701 (637–765) | 734 (660–809) | .42 |
| Cost per hospitalization, geometric mean (95% CI)c,d | 3267 (3188–3345) | 3624 (3509–3740) | 3479 (3369–3589) | 3523 (3378–3669) | 4086 (3912–4260) | <.001 |
| Sensitivity analyses | ||||||
| Infants aged 0–11.9 mo | ||||||
| Total direct cost (95% CI)b | 381 (356–405) | 639 (587–691) | 547 (499–594) | 583 (528–639) | 599 (540–659) | .42 |
| Cost per hospitalization, geometric mean (95% CI)c,d | 3294 (3213–3376) | 3696 (3574–3817) | 3552 (3434–3670) | 3594 (3440–3749) | 4212 (4032–4392) | <.001 |
| Bronchiolitis, primary diagnosis | ||||||
| Total direct cost (95% CI)b | 413 (386–439) | 636 (585–687) | 522 (476–568) | 598 (543–652) | 596 (534–658) | .58 |
| Cost per hospitalization, geometric mean (95% CI)c,d | 3235 (3156–3313) | 3563 (3449–3676) | 34,06 (3293–3518) | 3470 (3324–3618) | 3967 (3792–4141) | <.001 |
| Children without pediatric complex chronic conditions | ||||||
| Total direct cost (95% CI)b | 413 (388–439) | 613 (570–657) | 515 (477–554) | 542 (497–587) | 517 (469–565) | .58 |
| Cost per hospitalization, geometric mean (95% CI)c,d | 3192 (3116–3278) | 3465 (3360–3569) | 3300 (3201–3398) | 3305 (3176–3435) | 3749 (3598–3899) | <.001 |
| Bronchiolitis, primary diagnosis, by children aged 0–11.9 mo without pediatric complex chronic conditions | ||||||
| Total direct cost (95% CI)b | 326 (305–347) | 467 (433–502) | 361 (331–391) | 388 (355–422) | 339 (308–371) | .90 |
| Cost per hospitalization, geometric mean (95% CI)c,d | 3195 (3116–3274) | 3471 (3362–3579) | 3296 (3189–3402) | 3320 (3183–3458) | 3724 (3572–3876) | <.001 |
| Children with a pediatric complex chronic condition | ||||||
| Total direct cost (95% CI)b | 36 (33–40) | 121 (104–139) | 126 (108–144) | 159 (149–180) | 217 (187–248) | .046 |
| Cost per hospitalization, geometric mean (95% CI)c,d | 5069 (4855–5284) | 7055 (6634–7476) | 6788 (6425–7151) | 6871 (6473–7270) | 7465 (7050–7880) | <.001 |
| Stratification by use of mechanical ventilation | ||||||
| With mechanical ventilation use | ||||||
| Total direct cost (95% CI)b | 94 (75–113) | 114 (95–132) | 117 (100–134) | 141 (122–161) | 195 (163–226) | .046 |
| Cost per hospitalization, geometric mean (95% CI)c,d | 10 093 (9053–11 134) | 25 212 (22 589–27 834) | 25 618 (23 415–27 820) | 21 445 (18 493–24 397) | 18 525 (15 841–21 208) | <.001 |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation use | ||||||
| Total direct cost (95% CI)b | 77 (59–95) | 103 (85–120) | 105 (90–121) | 118 (101–135) | 144 (120–168) | .046 |
| Cost per hospitalization, geometric mean (95% CI)c,d | 10 376 (9301–11 450) | 29 243 (26 311–32 174) | 33 204 (30 390–36 019) | 29 671 (23 068–36 275) | 36 207 (33 191–39 223) | <.001 |
| Noninvasive mechanical ventilation use | ||||||
| Total direct cost (95% CI)b | 17 (14–20) | 11 (8–14) | 12 (9–14) | 23 (18–29) | 51 (36–66) | .15 |
| Cost per hospitalization, geometric mean (95% CI)c,d | 9090 (6587–11 594) | 14 209 (12 737–15 681) | 12 125 (11 082–13 168) | 12 595 (11 541–13 648) | 11 446 (10 101–12 792) | <.001 |
| Without mechanical ventilation use | ||||||
| Total direct cost (95% CI)b | 440 (412–468) | 621 (577–666) | 524 (485–564) | 560 (512–607) | 539 (492–587) | .58 |
| Cost per hospitalization, geometric mean (95% CI)c,d | 3242 (3163–3320) | 3478 (3373–3583) | 3321 (3221–3420) | 3337 (3204–3470) | 3747 (3597–3897) | <.001 |
| Stratification by hospital designation | ||||||
| Non–children’s hospital | ||||||
| Total direct cost (95% CI)b | 349 (329–370) | 519 (482–556) | 434 (404–465) | 434 (399–469) | 405 (367–444) | .97 |
| Cost per hospitalization, geometric mean (95% CI)c,d | 3054 (2983–3125) | 3304 (3208–3399) | 3113 (3034–3193) | 3060 (2952–3168) | 3412 (3279–3544) | <.001 |
| Children’s hospital | ||||||
| Total direct cost (95% CI)b | 100 (79–121) | 216 (170–262) | 207 (162–251) | 267 (213–322) | 329 (264–394) | .07 |
| Cost per hospitalization, geometric mean (95% CI)c,d | 4696 (4421–4970) | 5619 (5111–6127) | 5883 (5406–6360) | 5805 (5146–6464) | 6506 (5924–7088) | <.001 |
P value for trend test. Cost was adjusted for inflation.
Data are presented as US dollars (million). Cost was adjusted for inflation.
Data are presented as US dollars. Cost was adjusted for inflation.
P value for trend test in unweighted samples because of the discontinuity in hospital identification codes between 2009 and 2012. Cost was adjusted for inflation.