Common ADHD and Psychotropic Polypharmacy Combinations
| Polypharmacy Combinations . | ADHD Outpatient Visits, % (95% CI) . |
|---|---|
| ADHD polypharmacy | |
| Methylphenidate and clonidine | 16.0 (10.8–21.3) |
| Methylphenidate and guanfacine | 14.5 (5.1–23.9) |
| Amphetamine and dextroamphetamine and clonidine | 9.9 (5.8–13.8) |
| Lisdexamfetamine and guanfacine | 7.6 (3.4–11.9) |
| Lisdexamfetamine and clonidine | 6.5 (3.4–9.6) |
| Methylphenidate and dexmethylphenidate | 5.6 (2.8–8.3) |
| Amphetamine and dextroamphetamine and lisdexamfetamine | 5.1 (0.7–9.6) |
| Methylphenidate and atomoxetine | 4.4 (2.5–6.4) |
| Amphetamine and guanfacine | 3.8 (1.6–5.9) |
| Dexmethylphenidate and guanfacine | 3.3 (1.9–4.6) |
| Psychotropic polypharmacy (agent prescribed concurrently with ≥1 ADHD medication) | |
| SSRI | 14.4 (12.3–17.0) |
| SGA | 11.8 (10.1–13.7) |
| Mood stabilizer | 5.0 (4.1–6.1) |
| Benzodiazepine (anxiolytic) | 3.2 (2.4–4.3) |
| Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors | 3.0 (2.1–4.4) |
| Bupropion | 2.5 (1.9–3.3) |
| Nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytic | 1.6 (1.2–2.1) |
| Tricyclic antidepressants | 1.1 (0.8–1.7) |
| Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor | 0.9 (0.6–1.2) |
| Benzodiazepine (insomnia) | 0.8 (0.5–1.1) |
| Polypharmacy Combinations . | ADHD Outpatient Visits, % (95% CI) . |
|---|---|
| ADHD polypharmacy | |
| Methylphenidate and clonidine | 16.0 (10.8–21.3) |
| Methylphenidate and guanfacine | 14.5 (5.1–23.9) |
| Amphetamine and dextroamphetamine and clonidine | 9.9 (5.8–13.8) |
| Lisdexamfetamine and guanfacine | 7.6 (3.4–11.9) |
| Lisdexamfetamine and clonidine | 6.5 (3.4–9.6) |
| Methylphenidate and dexmethylphenidate | 5.6 (2.8–8.3) |
| Amphetamine and dextroamphetamine and lisdexamfetamine | 5.1 (0.7–9.6) |
| Methylphenidate and atomoxetine | 4.4 (2.5–6.4) |
| Amphetamine and guanfacine | 3.8 (1.6–5.9) |
| Dexmethylphenidate and guanfacine | 3.3 (1.9–4.6) |
| Psychotropic polypharmacy (agent prescribed concurrently with ≥1 ADHD medication) | |
| SSRI | 14.4 (12.3–17.0) |
| SGA | 11.8 (10.1–13.7) |
| Mood stabilizer | 5.0 (4.1–6.1) |
| Benzodiazepine (anxiolytic) | 3.2 (2.4–4.3) |
| Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors | 3.0 (2.1–4.4) |
| Bupropion | 2.5 (1.9–3.3) |
| Nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytic | 1.6 (1.2–2.1) |
| Tricyclic antidepressants | 1.1 (0.8–1.7) |
| Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor | 0.9 (0.6–1.2) |
| Benzodiazepine (insomnia) | 0.8 (0.5–1.1) |