Multivariate Logistic Regressions Examining Factors Associated With ADHD and Psychotropic Polypharmacy
| Variable . | ADHD Polypharmacy, aOR . | 95% CI . | Psychotropic Polypharmacy, aOR . | 95% CI . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1 | Reference variable | 1 | Reference variable |
| Female | 1.04 | 0.78–1.39 | 1.29 | 1.09–1.52 |
| Age group, y | ||||
| 2–3 | 1.59 | 0.45–5.60 | 0.79 | 0.28–2.23 |
| 4–5 | 3.02 | 1.53–5.96 | 0.37 | 0.18–0.77 |
| 6–11 | 3.57 | 2.21–5.77 | 0.36 | 0.26–0.51 |
| 12–18 | 3.52 | 2.29–5.43 | 0.76 | 0.55–1.04 |
| 19–24 | 1 | Reference variable | 1 | Reference variable |
| Payer type | ||||
| Medicaid | 1.66 | 1.19–2.31 | 1.94 | 1.51–2.50 |
| Private | 1 | Reference variable | 1 | Reference variable |
| Other | 1.92 | 1.21–3.06 | 1.59 | 1.10–2.29 |
| Geographic region | ||||
| Northeast | 1.99 | 1.21–3.28 | 1.37 | 0.95–1.98 |
| Midwest | 1 | Reference variable | 1 | Reference variable |
| South | 1.4 | 1.01–1.96 | 0.97 | 0.71–1.33 |
| West | 1.17 | 0.77–1.77 | 1.37 | 0.95–1.97 |
| Mental health counselinga | 2.33 | 1.27–4.27 | 2.88 | 1.86–4.44 |
| Psychotherapyb | 1.99 | 1.39–2.87 | 3.36 | 2.55–4.44 |
| Calendar year | 1.12 | 1.05–1.19 | 1.07 | 1.02–1.13 |
| Variable . | ADHD Polypharmacy, aOR . | 95% CI . | Psychotropic Polypharmacy, aOR . | 95% CI . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1 | Reference variable | 1 | Reference variable |
| Female | 1.04 | 0.78–1.39 | 1.29 | 1.09–1.52 |
| Age group, y | ||||
| 2–3 | 1.59 | 0.45–5.60 | 0.79 | 0.28–2.23 |
| 4–5 | 3.02 | 1.53–5.96 | 0.37 | 0.18–0.77 |
| 6–11 | 3.57 | 2.21–5.77 | 0.36 | 0.26–0.51 |
| 12–18 | 3.52 | 2.29–5.43 | 0.76 | 0.55–1.04 |
| 19–24 | 1 | Reference variable | 1 | Reference variable |
| Payer type | ||||
| Medicaid | 1.66 | 1.19–2.31 | 1.94 | 1.51–2.50 |
| Private | 1 | Reference variable | 1 | Reference variable |
| Other | 1.92 | 1.21–3.06 | 1.59 | 1.10–2.29 |
| Geographic region | ||||
| Northeast | 1.99 | 1.21–3.28 | 1.37 | 0.95–1.98 |
| Midwest | 1 | Reference variable | 1 | Reference variable |
| South | 1.4 | 1.01–1.96 | 0.97 | 0.71–1.33 |
| West | 1.17 | 0.77–1.77 | 1.37 | 0.95–1.97 |
| Mental health counselinga | 2.33 | 1.27–4.27 | 2.88 | 1.86–4.44 |
| Psychotherapyb | 1.99 | 1.39–2.87 | 3.36 | 2.55–4.44 |
| Calendar year | 1.12 | 1.05–1.19 | 1.07 | 1.02–1.13 |
Mental health counseling includes general advice and counseling about mental health issues and education about mental disorders. It includes referrals to other mental health professionals for mental health counseling but excludes psychotherapy; survey recording data differentiate between 0 (no services reported) and 1 (services reported).
Psychotherapy includes all treatment involving the intentional use of verbal techniques to explore or alter the patient’s emotional life to effect symptom reduction or behavior change; survey recording data differentiate between 0 (no services reported) and 1 (services reported).