Multivariable Logistic Regression Model of Smoking Status at Wave 4 Among Never Smokers at Wave 1: PATH Study, 2013 (Wave 1) to 2018 (Wave 4) (N = 8899)
| . | Experimental Smokersa . | Current Smokersa . | Established Smokersa . |
|---|---|---|---|
| aORb (95% CI) . | aORb (95% CI) . | aORb (95% CI) . | |
| Susceptibility level at wave 1 (ref: level 0) | |||
| 1 | 2.0 (1.7–2.3)c | 1.7 (1.3–2.1)c | 1.2 (0.6–2.2) |
| 2 | 3.8 (3.1–4.7)c | 3.2 (2.5–4.2)c | 3.3 (2.0–5.6)c |
| 3 + 4 | 6.9 (5.7–8.4)c | 4.9 (3.8–6.2)c | 5.0 (2.8–9.0)c |
| Characteristics at wave 1 | |||
| Age, y (ref: 12–14) | |||
| 15–17 | 3.3 (2.8–3.9)c | 4.20 (3.3–5.4)c | 4.7 (2.7–8.2)c |
| Sex (ref: female) | |||
| Male | 1.3 (1.1–1.5)c | 1.38 (1.1–1.7)c | 1.7 (1.2–2.4)c |
| Race and/or ethnicity (ref: white) | |||
| Black | 0.5 (0.4–0.6)c | 0.5 (0.4–0.7)c | 0.2 (0.04–0.6)c |
| Latino/a | 0.8 (0.7–1.0)c | 0.7 (0.5–0.9)c | 0.6 (0.3–1.0) |
| School performanced (ref: much better than average) | |||
| Better than average | 1.4 (1.2–1.6)c | 1.4 (1.1–1.7)c | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) |
| Average and below | 1.5 (1.2–1.9)c | 1.5 (1.0–2.1)c | 1.7 (1.0–2.8) |
| Smoking-related characteristics at wave 4 | |||
| Exposure to other smokers (ref: no exposure) | |||
| Family only | 1.7 (1.4–2.1)c | 2.5 (2.0–3.1)c | 2.8 (1.9–4.3)c |
| Best friend only | 3.2 (2.4–4.3)c | 4.1 (2.9–5.8)c | 2.6 (1.1–5.8)c |
| Both family and best friends | 7.8 (5.7–10.7)c | 10.2 (6.7–15.4)c | 10.9 (5.8–20.7)c |
| . | Experimental Smokersa . | Current Smokersa . | Established Smokersa . |
|---|---|---|---|
| aORb (95% CI) . | aORb (95% CI) . | aORb (95% CI) . | |
| Susceptibility level at wave 1 (ref: level 0) | |||
| 1 | 2.0 (1.7–2.3)c | 1.7 (1.3–2.1)c | 1.2 (0.6–2.2) |
| 2 | 3.8 (3.1–4.7)c | 3.2 (2.5–4.2)c | 3.3 (2.0–5.6)c |
| 3 + 4 | 6.9 (5.7–8.4)c | 4.9 (3.8–6.2)c | 5.0 (2.8–9.0)c |
| Characteristics at wave 1 | |||
| Age, y (ref: 12–14) | |||
| 15–17 | 3.3 (2.8–3.9)c | 4.20 (3.3–5.4)c | 4.7 (2.7–8.2)c |
| Sex (ref: female) | |||
| Male | 1.3 (1.1–1.5)c | 1.38 (1.1–1.7)c | 1.7 (1.2–2.4)c |
| Race and/or ethnicity (ref: white) | |||
| Black | 0.5 (0.4–0.6)c | 0.5 (0.4–0.7)c | 0.2 (0.04–0.6)c |
| Latino/a | 0.8 (0.7–1.0)c | 0.7 (0.5–0.9)c | 0.6 (0.3–1.0) |
| School performanced (ref: much better than average) | |||
| Better than average | 1.4 (1.2–1.6)c | 1.4 (1.1–1.7)c | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) |
| Average and below | 1.5 (1.2–1.9)c | 1.5 (1.0–2.1)c | 1.7 (1.0–2.8) |
| Smoking-related characteristics at wave 4 | |||
| Exposure to other smokers (ref: no exposure) | |||
| Family only | 1.7 (1.4–2.1)c | 2.5 (2.0–3.1)c | 2.8 (1.9–4.3)c |
| Best friend only | 3.2 (2.4–4.3)c | 4.1 (2.9–5.8)c | 2.6 (1.1–5.8)c |
| Both family and best friends | 7.8 (5.7–10.7)c | 10.2 (6.7–15.4)c | 10.9 (5.8–20.7)c |
ref, reference group.
Experimental = ever tried or smoked a cigarette, even 1 or 2 puffs; current = smoked a cigarette in the past 30 d; and established = smoked ≥100 cigarettes in lifetime.
Model also included parental education and household income.
Statistically significant at an α <0.05 level.
Much better than average = mostly A’s or A’s and B’s; better than average = mostly B’s or B’s and C’s; and average and below = mostly C’s, C’s and D’s, mostly D’s, D’s and F’s, or mostly F’s.