Multivariable Logistic Regression Model of Smoking Status at Wave 4 Among Never Smokers at Wave 1, Including Electronic Cigarette Use at Any Wave: PATH Study, 2013 (Wave 1) to 2018 (Wave 4) (N = 8899)
| . | Experimental Smokersa . | Current Smokersa . | Established Smokersa . |
|---|---|---|---|
| aORb (95% CI) . | aORb (95% CI) . | aORb (95% CI) . | |
| Susceptibility level at wave 1 (ref: level 0) | |||
| 1 | 1.5 (1.3–1.8)c | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 0.9 (0.5–1.7) |
| 2 | 2.3 (1.9–3.0)c | 1.9 (1.4–2.6)c | 2.0 (1.2–3.4)c |
| 3 + 4 | 3.7 (2.9–4.6)c | 2.5 (1.9–3.3)c | 2.7 (1.5–4.8)c |
| Characteristics at wave 1 | |||
| Age, y (ref: 12–14 y) | |||
| 15–17 | 2.7 (2.2–3.3)c | 3.3 (2.6–4.4)c | 3.8 (2.1–6.7)c |
| Sex (ref: female) | |||
| Male | 1.2 (1.0–1.4)c | 1.4 (1.1–1.7)c | 1.7 (1.2–2.4)c |
| Race and/or ethnicity (ref: white) | |||
| Black | 0.6 (0.4–0.7)c | 0.6 (0.4–0.8)c | 0.2 (0.1–0.6)c |
| Latino/a | 0.8 (0.7–1.0) | 0.7 (0.5–0.9)c | 0.6 (0.4–1.0) |
| School performanced (ref: much better than average) | |||
| Better than average | 1.3 (1.1–1.5)c | 1.3 (1.0–1.6)c | 1.1 (0.7–1.6) |
| Average and below | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | 1.5 (0.9–2.5) |
| Smoking-related characteristics at wave 4 | |||
| Exposure to other smokers (ref: no exposure) | |||
| Family only | 1.5 (1.2–1.8)c | 2.2 (1.7–2.8)c | 2.5 (1.6–3.8)c |
| Best friend only | 2.8 (2.0–3.8)c | 3.5 (2.4–5.13)c | 2.2 (0.9–5.1) |
| Both family and best friends | 6.2 (4.4–8.6)c | 7.5 (4.8–11.7)c | 7.7 (4.1–14.6)c |
| E-cigarette use at any wave (ref: no) | 7. 7 (6.6–9.1)c | 7.5 (5.8–9.8)c | 6.3 (3.7–10.7)c |
| . | Experimental Smokersa . | Current Smokersa . | Established Smokersa . |
|---|---|---|---|
| aORb (95% CI) . | aORb (95% CI) . | aORb (95% CI) . | |
| Susceptibility level at wave 1 (ref: level 0) | |||
| 1 | 1.5 (1.3–1.8)c | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 0.9 (0.5–1.7) |
| 2 | 2.3 (1.9–3.0)c | 1.9 (1.4–2.6)c | 2.0 (1.2–3.4)c |
| 3 + 4 | 3.7 (2.9–4.6)c | 2.5 (1.9–3.3)c | 2.7 (1.5–4.8)c |
| Characteristics at wave 1 | |||
| Age, y (ref: 12–14 y) | |||
| 15–17 | 2.7 (2.2–3.3)c | 3.3 (2.6–4.4)c | 3.8 (2.1–6.7)c |
| Sex (ref: female) | |||
| Male | 1.2 (1.0–1.4)c | 1.4 (1.1–1.7)c | 1.7 (1.2–2.4)c |
| Race and/or ethnicity (ref: white) | |||
| Black | 0.6 (0.4–0.7)c | 0.6 (0.4–0.8)c | 0.2 (0.1–0.6)c |
| Latino/a | 0.8 (0.7–1.0) | 0.7 (0.5–0.9)c | 0.6 (0.4–1.0) |
| School performanced (ref: much better than average) | |||
| Better than average | 1.3 (1.1–1.5)c | 1.3 (1.0–1.6)c | 1.1 (0.7–1.6) |
| Average and below | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | 1.5 (0.9–2.5) |
| Smoking-related characteristics at wave 4 | |||
| Exposure to other smokers (ref: no exposure) | |||
| Family only | 1.5 (1.2–1.8)c | 2.2 (1.7–2.8)c | 2.5 (1.6–3.8)c |
| Best friend only | 2.8 (2.0–3.8)c | 3.5 (2.4–5.13)c | 2.2 (0.9–5.1) |
| Both family and best friends | 6.2 (4.4–8.6)c | 7.5 (4.8–11.7)c | 7.7 (4.1–14.6)c |
| E-cigarette use at any wave (ref: no) | 7. 7 (6.6–9.1)c | 7.5 (5.8–9.8)c | 6.3 (3.7–10.7)c |
ref, reference group.
Experimental = ever tried or smoked a cigarette, even 1 or 2 puffs; current = smoked a cigarette in the past 30 d; and established = smoked ≥100 cigarettes in lifetime.
Model also included parental education and household income.
Statistically significant at an α <0.05 level.
Much better than average = mostly A’s or A’s and B’s; better than average = mostly B’s or B’s and C’s; and average and below = mostly C’s, C’s and D’s, mostly D’s, D’s and F’s, or mostly F’s.