Frequency of “Yes” Answers to MMAT Questions in Observational and Experimental Studies
| . | n (%)a . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants Are Representative of Target Population . | Appropriate Measurement . | Complete Outcome Data . | Confounding Accounted for . | Intervention Administered as Intended . | |
| Observational (n = 225)b | 136 (48) | 224 (79) | 252 (89) | 260 (92) | 277 (98) |
| Experimental (n = 58) | 6 (2) | 258 (91) | 195 (69) | 93 (33) | 249 (88) |
| . | n (%)a . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants Are Representative of Target Population . | Appropriate Measurement . | Complete Outcome Data . | Confounding Accounted for . | Intervention Administered as Intended . | |
| Observational (n = 225)b | 136 (48) | 224 (79) | 252 (89) | 260 (92) | 277 (98) |
| Experimental (n = 58) | 6 (2) | 258 (91) | 195 (69) | 93 (33) | 249 (88) |
Experimental studies include any experiment that was not randomized (natural experiment, quasi-experimental, etc).
“Yes” answers determined on the basis of consensus from a minimum of 2 coauthors; MMAT questions differed between RCTs and other study designs, see Methods for specific question language and scoring criteria.
For observational studies, “intervention administered as intended” indicates that the exposure of interest occurred as intended or expected. See Supplemental Table 6 for additional details.