American Academy of Pediatrics

TABLE 1

Patient Characteristics and Their Effect on Hospital Discharge Among Children in the Medical Conditions and ICU Cohorts, FluSurv-NET

Variable	Medical Conditions Cohort (n = 309)				ICU Cohort (n = 299)
Variable	Total	No. (%) with characteristic	HR	P	Total	No. (%) with characteristic	HR	P
Age category, y
<1	309	57 (18)	1.13	.39	299	74 (25)	0.94	.45
1–4	309	94 (30)	1.19	n/a	299	115 (38)	1.11	n/a
5–17	309	158 (51)	ref	n/a	299	110 (37)	ref	n/a
Male sex	309	164 (53)	1.03	.78	299	162 (54)	1.00	.99
Race and ethnicity
Hispanic	309	57 (18)	1.10	.65	299	62 (21)	0.99	>.99
White, non-Hispanic	309	96 (31)	0.96	n/a	299	104 (35)	1.01	n/a
Black, non-Hispanic	309	110 (36)	1.14	n/a	299	87 (29)	1.00	n/a
Other, non-Hispanic (including race unknown)	309	46 (15)	ref	n/a	299	46 (15)	ref	n/a
Underlying medical condition
Any	309	309 (100)	n/a	n/a	286	206 (72)	0.85	.21
Asthma or reactive airways disease	309	77 (25)	0.81	.11	299	87 (29)	0.92	.52
Chronic lung disease	309	45 (15)	0.59^a	<.01^a	299	37 (12)	0.90	.38
Cardiovascular disease	309	47 (15)	0.84	.27	299	25 (8)	0.78	.26
Neurologic or neuromuscular	309	104 (34)	0.93	.53	299	90 (30)	0.77^a	.01^a
Immunocompromised condition	309	62 (20)	0.95	.69	299	16 (5)	0.72^a	.05^a
Prematurity^b	113	37 (33)	0.89	.58	47	21 (45)	0.77	.37
Other^c	309	176 (57)	1.10	.43	299	53 (18)	0.67^a	<.01^a
Received current season influenza vaccination	296	143 (48)	0.88	.29	186	68 (37)	0.98	.87
Reason for current hospital admission (per medical record)
Acute respiratory illness^d	309	230 (74)	1.05	.71	299	210 (70)	0.92	.51
Asthma and/or COPD exacerbation	309	14 (5)	0.85	.55	299	38 (13)	1.19	.29
Pneumonia	309	5 (2)	0.69	.40	299	18 (6)	1.17	.26
Other respiratory or cardiac condition	309	37 (12)	1.07	.71	299	69 (23)	0.96	.76
Fever alone	309	38 (12)	1.18	.35	299	22 (7)	1.30	.13
Initial admission to ICU	0	n/a	n/a	n/a	289	247 (85)	1.39^a	<.01^a

Variable	Medical Conditions Cohort (n = 309)				ICU Cohort (n = 299)
Variable	Total	No. (%) with characteristic	HR	P	Total	No. (%) with characteristic	HR	P
Age category, y
<1	309	57 (18)	1.13	.39	299	74 (25)	0.94	.45
1–4	309	94 (30)	1.19	n/a	299	115 (38)	1.11	n/a
5–17	309	158 (51)	ref	n/a	299	110 (37)	ref	n/a
Male sex	309	164 (53)	1.03	.78	299	162 (54)	1.00	.99
Race and ethnicity
Hispanic	309	57 (18)	1.10	.65	299	62 (21)	0.99	>.99
White, non-Hispanic	309	96 (31)	0.96	n/a	299	104 (35)	1.01	n/a
Black, non-Hispanic	309	110 (36)	1.14	n/a	299	87 (29)	1.00	n/a
Other, non-Hispanic (including race unknown)	309	46 (15)	ref	n/a	299	46 (15)	ref	n/a
Underlying medical condition
Any	309	309 (100)	n/a	n/a	286	206 (72)	0.85	.21
Asthma or reactive airways disease	309	77 (25)	0.81	.11	299	87 (29)	0.92	.52
Chronic lung disease	309	45 (15)	0.59^a	<.01^a	299	37 (12)	0.90	.38
Cardiovascular disease	309	47 (15)	0.84	.27	299	25 (8)	0.78	.26
Neurologic or neuromuscular	309	104 (34)	0.93	.53	299	90 (30)	0.77^a	.01^a
Immunocompromised condition	309	62 (20)	0.95	.69	299	16 (5)	0.72^a	.05^a
Prematurity^b	113	37 (33)	0.89	.58	47	21 (45)	0.77	.37
Other^c	309	176 (57)	1.10	.43	299	53 (18)	0.67^a	<.01^a
Received current season influenza vaccination	296	143 (48)	0.88	.29	186	68 (37)	0.98	.87
Reason for current hospital admission (per medical record)
Acute respiratory illness^d	309	230 (74)	1.05	.71	299	210 (70)	0.92	.51
Asthma and/or COPD exacerbation	309	14 (5)	0.85	.55	299	38 (13)	1.19	.29
Pneumonia	309	5 (2)	0.69	.40	299	18 (6)	1.17	.26
Other respiratory or cardiac condition	309	37 (12)	1.07	.71	299	69 (23)	0.96	.76
Fever alone	309	38 (12)	1.18	.35	299	22 (7)	1.30	.13
Initial admission to ICU	0	n/a	n/a	n/a	289	247 (85)	1.39^a	<.01^a

Total denotes number of nonmissing values; HRs were determined by using a single-variable Cox model; HRs <1 indicate a lower risk of discharge and longer length of hospital stay and vice versa. COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; n/a, not applicable; ref, reference category.

Denotes a statistically significant result.

Recorded only for children <2 y old.

Includes chronic metabolic disease, blood disorder, and renal and liver disease.

Per the case report form instructions, acute respiratory illness was defined as bronchitis, cough, influenza, influenza-like disease, upper respiratory infection, respiratory infection, rhinorrhea or runny nose, viral syndrome, viral upper respiratory illness, or fever and any of the previously listed symptoms.

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