Association Between Number of Practices Experienced Consistent with Baby-Friendly Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding and Meeting Intention to Breastfeed and Not Provide Formula or Other Milks at 1 Month Old, USDA's Infant and Toddler Feeding Practices Study-2
| Total Number of Steps Experienced Consistent with Baby-Friendly Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding . | . | . | Unadjusted . | Adjusteda . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n . | % Met Intention . | Risk Ratio . | 95% CI . | P . | Risk Ratio . | 95% CI . | P . | |
| 0–2 | 102 | 16 | 1.0 | (Reference) | 1.0 | (Reference) | ||
| 3 | 180 | 27 | 1.7 | (1.1–2.7) | .02 | 1.7 | (1.1–2.7) | .02 |
| 4 | 289 | 49 | 3.1 | (2.1–4.6) | <.0001 | 3.0 | (2.1–4.4) | <.0001 |
| 5 | 256 | 65 | 4.1 | (2.7–6.3) | <.0001 | 4.1 | (2.8–6.0) | <.0001 |
| 6 | 129 | 76 | 4.9 | (3.1–7.6) | <.0001 | 4.7 | (3.1–7.0) | <.0001 |
| Total Number of Steps Experienced Consistent with Baby-Friendly Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding . | . | . | Unadjusted . | Adjusteda . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n . | % Met Intention . | Risk Ratio . | 95% CI . | P . | Risk Ratio . | 95% CI . | P . | |
| 0–2 | 102 | 16 | 1.0 | (Reference) | 1.0 | (Reference) | ||
| 3 | 180 | 27 | 1.7 | (1.1–2.7) | .02 | 1.7 | (1.1–2.7) | .02 |
| 4 | 289 | 49 | 3.1 | (2.1–4.6) | <.0001 | 3.0 | (2.1–4.4) | <.0001 |
| 5 | 256 | 65 | 4.1 | (2.7–6.3) | <.0001 | 4.1 | (2.8–6.0) | <.0001 |
| 6 | 129 | 76 | 4.9 | (3.1–7.6) | <.0001 | 4.7 | (3.1–7.0) | <.0001 |
Baby-Friendly Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding are based on the World Health Organization and UNICEF's Baby-friendly hospital initiative: Revised, updated, and expanded for integrated care. 2009; Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/43593/1/9789241594967_eng.pdf. CI, confidence intervals; USDA, United States Department of Agriculture.
Adjusted model controls for maternal race and ethnicity, maternal age at birth, maternal education, any versus no breastfeeding history, vaginal or cesarean delivery, preterm birth (born <37 wk gestation), whether the father of the baby was living with the mother, household poverty level, and whether the mother was receiving WIC benefits for the first time.