Medical Problems Common in Down Syndrome
| Condition . | % . |
|---|---|
| Hearing problems | 75 |
| Vision problems | 60–80 |
| Nystagmus | 3–33 |
| Glaucoma | <1–7 |
| Nasolacrimal duct occlusion | 3–36 |
| Cataracts | 3 |
| Strabismus | 36 |
| Refractive errors | 36–80 |
| Keratoconus | 1–13 |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 50–79 |
| Otitis media with effusion | 50–70 |
| Congenital heart disease | 40–50 |
| Feeding difficulty | 31–80 |
| Respiratory infection | 20–36 |
| Dermatologic problems | 56 |
| Hypodontia and delayed dental eruption | 23 |
| Congenital hypothyroidism | 2–7 |
| Antithyroid antibody positive (Hashimoto thyroiditis; incidence dependent on age) | 13–39 |
| Hyperthyroidism | 0.65–3 |
| Thyroid disease by adulthood | 50 |
| Gastrointestinal atresias | 12 |
| Seizures | 1–13 |
| Hematologic problems | |
| Anemia | 1.2 |
| Iron deficiency | 6.7 |
| Transient abnormal myelopoiesis | 10 |
| Leukemia | 1 |
| Autoimmune conditions | |
| Hashimoto thyroiditis | 13–39 |
| Graves’ disease | 1 |
| Celiac disease | 1–5 |
| Type 1 diabetes | 1 |
| Juvenile idiopathic arthritis | <1 |
| Alopecia | 5 |
| Symptomatic atlantoaxial instability | 1–2 |
| Autism | 7–19 |
| Hirschsprung disease | <1 |
| Moyamoya disease | Down syndrome 26 times greater in patients with Moyamoya than Down syndrome in live births |
| Condition . | % . |
|---|---|
| Hearing problems | 75 |
| Vision problems | 60–80 |
| Nystagmus | 3–33 |
| Glaucoma | <1–7 |
| Nasolacrimal duct occlusion | 3–36 |
| Cataracts | 3 |
| Strabismus | 36 |
| Refractive errors | 36–80 |
| Keratoconus | 1–13 |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 50–79 |
| Otitis media with effusion | 50–70 |
| Congenital heart disease | 40–50 |
| Feeding difficulty | 31–80 |
| Respiratory infection | 20–36 |
| Dermatologic problems | 56 |
| Hypodontia and delayed dental eruption | 23 |
| Congenital hypothyroidism | 2–7 |
| Antithyroid antibody positive (Hashimoto thyroiditis; incidence dependent on age) | 13–39 |
| Hyperthyroidism | 0.65–3 |
| Thyroid disease by adulthood | 50 |
| Gastrointestinal atresias | 12 |
| Seizures | 1–13 |
| Hematologic problems | |
| Anemia | 1.2 |
| Iron deficiency | 6.7 |
| Transient abnormal myelopoiesis | 10 |
| Leukemia | 1 |
| Autoimmune conditions | |
| Hashimoto thyroiditis | 13–39 |
| Graves’ disease | 1 |
| Celiac disease | 1–5 |
| Type 1 diabetes | 1 |
| Juvenile idiopathic arthritis | <1 |
| Alopecia | 5 |
| Symptomatic atlantoaxial instability | 1–2 |
| Autism | 7–19 |
| Hirschsprung disease | <1 |
| Moyamoya disease | Down syndrome 26 times greater in patients with Moyamoya than Down syndrome in live births |